Clyde-Built: A Study of the Clyde Shipbuilding Industry as Represented by Shipwrecks within the Clyde River and Estuary for Historic Scotland CA Project: 770001 CA Report: 15133 Month (in words) Year CLYDE-BUILT: A STUDY OF THE CLYDE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY AS REPRESENTED BY SHIPWRECKS WITHIN THE CLYDE RIVER AND ESTUARY CA Project No.: 770001 CA Report No.: 15133 Status Draft 2 prepared by Sally Evans date April 2015 checked by John Dillon date April 2015 approved by John Dillon signed date April 2015 issue 1 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Building 11 Unit 4 Stanley House Kemble Enterprise Park Cromwell Business Centre Walworth Road Kemble, Cirencester Howard Way, Newport Pagnell Andover Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ MK16 9QS Hampshire, SP10 5LH t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 218320 t. 01264 347630 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] Clyde-Built: A study of the Clyde Shipbuilding Industry as Represented by Shipwrecks within the Clyde River and Estuary SUMMARY This project forms a study of Clyde-built wrecks within the Clyde and has been undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology for Historic Scotland as part of the Heritage Assets in Relation to Marine Designation: Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Territorial Waters project. The study has been guided by Philip Robertson at Historic Scotland and sits within the Source to Sea research programme, developed by the RCAHMS following on from recommendations by the Scottish Archaeological Research Framework (ScARF). This project has collated information from a range of sources and has enhanced knowledge of Clyde- built wrecks within the Clyde. In particular information from recreational divers has proved invaluable and has been the source of detailed information about the current condition of many Clyde-built wrecks, useful for on-going management. A number of wrecks previously recorded as of unknown identity in the RCAHMS database were positively identified during the project and more accurate positional information was established for a number of other wrecks. Additionally, the project identified a potentially significant wreck (Margaret Niven) the remains of which were not previously recorded. This project has also identified a number of other potentially significant wrecks within the Clyde, which reflect both its unique contributions to world-wide shipbuilding and local connections. These wrecks include paddle steamers (Lapwing and Princess of Wales), Clyde Puffers (e.g. Margaret Niven), steam-yachts with military connections (HMS Breda), a dredger (Greenock) and an 18th-century West Indiaman (Lady Margaret). Numerous other wrecks have been identified by this project, and all display some degree of significance. All of the wrecks can contribute in varied ways to the Source to Sea project, and provide a window through which to view many of the Source to Sea strands, from boats and ships, to migration, fish and fishing and river management and modification. The project aims have been addressed, and in particular the project has enhanced understanding of the nature, extent, condition and significance of the Clyde-built wreck remains, in addition to providing information to aid management considerations. The project has also enhanced existing archaeological datasets (e.g. Canmore), and data downloads to that repository have been carried out. Additionally this project has nurtured relationships between archaeologists and divers and has resulted in valuable new wreck information and plans for on-going cooperation and outreach. i Clyde-Built: A study of the Clyde Shipbuilding Industry as Represented by Shipwrecks within the Clyde River and Estuary CONTENTS 1. PROJECT BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Scope................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Location............................................................................................................................... 2 2. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 3 2.1. Sources and data processing ................................................................................................ 3 2.2. Characterising Scotland’s Marine Archaeological Resource database ................................... 3 2.3. RCAHMS .............................................................................................................................. 3 2.4. UKHO Wrecks and Obstructions database............................................................................ 3 2.5. Clyde Shipwrecks and Argyll Shipwrecks ............................................................................... 4 2.6. Identifying Clyde-built wrecks .............................................................................................. 4 2.7. Diver consultation ............................................................................................................... 5 2.8. Geophysical Survey .............................................................................................................. 5 2.9. Assessing Significance .......................................................................................................... 6 2.10. Limitations ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.11. Wreck Sheets ....................................................................................................................... 8 3. SHIPBUILDING ON THE CLYDE ........................................................................................... 10 3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 10 3.2. Origins ............................................................................................................................... 10 3.3. Clyde Shipbuilding Industry ................................................................................................ 10 4. CLYDE-BUILT WRECKS WITHIN THE CLYDE ........................................................................ 12 4.1. Overview and filtering ....................................................................................................... 12 4.2. Assessing the Resource: Understanding the Clyde-built wrecks.......................................... 14 5. TRADE AND THE TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS ................................................................ 22 5.2. Local Cargo Vessels ............................................................................................................ 22 5.3. Assessment of Significance ................................................................................................ 24 5.4. Margaret Niven ................................................................................................................. 27 5.5. Summary ........................................................................................................................... 28 5.6. Local Cargo/ Passenger Vessels .......................................................................................... 28 5.7. Assessment of Significance ................................................................................................ 29 5.8. Lapwing ............................................................................................................................. 29 5.9. Beagle ............................................................................................................................... 30 5.10. Kintyre ............................................................................................................................... 31 5.11. Summary ........................................................................................................................... 32 5.12. International Cargo Vessels................................................................................................ 32 5.13. Assessments of Significance ............................................................................................... 33 5.14. Lady Margaret ................................................................................................................... 33 5.15. Lady Isabella ...................................................................................................................... 35 6. PASSENGER TRANSPORT ................................................................................................... 37 6.1. Local passenger vessels ..................................................................................................... 37 6.2. Assessment of Significance ................................................................................................ 37 6.3. Princess of Wales ............................................................................................................... 37 6.4.