LEON FLEISHER 23 September 1999 Mame Warren, interviewer Warren: This is Mame Warren. Today is September 23. I'm in Baltimore, Maryland, with Leon Fleisher. You were starting to say that you've been at the Peabody. Fleisher: Yes. Ifthis is an oral history of 100, I've been there for a third, a little under a third of the history of the university. So I certainly can't speak to what happened before me, and I'm not so sure that I'm either capable or-well, let's see. Why don't we start? Warren: Tell me why the Peabody. What brought you to the Peabody in the first place? Fleisher: That's an easy one. That's an easy one. I was in the midst of a career, actually a very successful career, in the midst of, I think, career number three, possibly number four, since I started playing very early. I made an attempt to get a credit card from Macy's in New York. I was living in New York at the time, after having spent a number of years living in Europe. And I was turned down because, ifI remember correctly, they said I didn't have a job. I was obviously self- employed, giving upwards of fifty, sixty concerts a year, being quite successful at what I had chosen to do, but didn't have a job. Peter Mennin, who was the director at that time, I had met him in Cleveland. He had been commissioned to write a symphony for the Cleveland Orchestra. [George] Szell had commissioned him. And he had been after me to come down and teach at Peabody, and I had put 1 him off, put him off, and then came to this annoying little experience at Macy's, and I said, "By gum, there's a job I guess I could have." He was eager enough to have me, but he allowed that I need only have one or two students, just so that he could get me on the faculty. So I came down, in principle, once a week to teach my-I think I had two students at the time. He also allowed me a certain freedom I didn't have to come regularly every week if I could only come once a month, ifl could do all their lessons at that time, so we had three four-hour lessons. And I had my job, and I marched back to Macy's and I got my credit card. [Laughter] Warren: So you got the credit card, but you also stayed at the Peabody. Fleisher: Yes. I found many irresistible aspects of Baltimore at the time. I was born in San Francisco. I lived most of my life actually in New York, but with considerable periods in various parts of Europe and Paris, in Holland, in several places, and in Rome, all of this before I came to Baltimore. So, something about Baltimore appealed to me greatly. Warren: What was that? That's on my list of questions. Tell me about Baltimore and your relationship to it. Fleisher: Well, it was a major city. I think at that time it was possibly seventh. I remember we were vying with Houston for number seven in population, I think, of cities. We were over a million at that time. In other words, it was a major city, it had a symphony orchestra, it had a conservatory. It had a wonderful museum. It was a major city, and yet there was a pace that was far less :frenetic than New York, and it was the pace of life, I think, the first thing that appealed to me. 2 The second thing that appealed to me were the number of trees on the streets. It was lovely. And the idea that so many of the downtown streets had alleys between the streets. You can go from one street to another through the alleyway, and there were coach houses behind the main buildings, the main homes that faced the street. Also the fact that I met my second wife here proved a strong attraction. [Laughter] I love Mount Vernon Place. Of course, Inner Harbor had not been built at that time, '59. And I met a lovely circle of friends. So I became very attached. Warren: Take me to Mount Vernon Place then. What was it like? Fleisher: Actually, not very much different from today, except that today there is a level of awareness that one must keep when traversing Mount Vernon Place that wasn't there then, just in terms of, unfortunately, in terms of personal safety. They didn't have restrictions on when you had to leave the park, sundown or whenever it is now. I remember it was a challenge from a driving point of view. The car that I had was a stick shift, and it was hilly, but you could pretty generally find a parking place, pretty generally. I've had my share of parking tickets, I assure you. [Laughter] And I have learned that 'tis best to go down and face them, even plead guilty to them. Very often you'll find a sympathetic judge who will just let you off with cost. There's a joke around school that the reason I chose my studio up on the fourth floor was to evade parking ticket officers who would come to school looking for me and would become discouraged when they were told I was up on the fourth floor. They were not interested in climbing all those floors to get to me. The elevator at that time was rather rickety. 3 Warren: So are they just funny stories? Because I've heard that story and I wondered whether it was true. Fleisher: [Laughter] I think once it might have been true. I've had a couple of adventures at Peabody. There was a period when I was an associate conductor of the Baltimore Symphony, and before I learned better, a period when I was susceptible to back spasms. That was before I learned about the importance of stretching every day, keeping the muscles of the back in shape. However, I do remember getting a back spasm one day at school and actually being carried out on a stretcher. Where did they-I don't remember where they took me. I just remember they had to come and get me because I couldn't move. Thank heavens that was, what, about twenty-five years ago, and I've since-my back is in much better shape now. Warren: That's the good news. Fleisher: That's the good news, yes. Warren: So I've heard that Studio 413-is that the number? Fleisher: Yes. Good for you. Warren: Is a legendary place. Tell me about it. Describe it. Take me there. Fleisher: Well, it's about to change. It's been very spare, very aesthetic, rather Spartan, I guess, bare of pictures or anything on the walls. No distractions, in other words. Now that my class is getting smaller, I'm cutting it down bit by bit each year, I find it necessary to fill it up with-well, the pictures, curiously enough, have a relationship. They're mostly pictures of the universe. I found a series of extraordinary pictures that were taken :from the Hubble Telescope, of clusters of galaxies and such, and I'm going to start hanging them on my walls, because I think that's where 4 a lot of the music that we make finds itself deposited or involved with, and I find it helpful, inspiring, even, to see these incredible shapes. Two pianos. It's a sizeable room now. They actually had three rooms in that space, and my colleague, Ann Schein, who's next door, they demolished the middle space, which enlarged her space as well as mine, so our rooms are sizeable. They can accommodate some thirty, forty little wooden chairs for students. A rug that has long worn through at the pedals. I made several attempts at buying a plywood board to fit under the pedals so that you could save the rug from the heels of the shoes that pedal, but it seemed like a very popular idea, and they soon disappeared from my studio. So we just sit there with this rather old, worn rug with a big hole at the pedal. [Laughter] Two windows giving on to the roof of Friedberg Hall, I would think, ofttimes, in the spring and summer, with pigeons roosting on the window. And that's really about it. Two pianos, several piano chairs, and the room, the square room, is ringed with wooden chairs that class students sit on. Warren: I've never had the privilege of being there, so tell me what happens. You have the student at the piano and then others come in and sit and watch? Fleisher: Yes. The manner in which I teach I took over from my teacher, Artur Schnabel. Rather than teach one on one, which I did in the beginning, I now prefer to teach in a kind of class situation, for really quite a specific musical reason. They are that the benefits that come from listening to somebody else have a lesson and not be under the gun one's self to produce and reproduce what is required or requested are large, they are very positive, those benefits. 5 Plus the fact that one hears three, four, depending on how many students we have in a day, one hears three or four times the amount of repertoire, and you begin to get a kind of overview, a kind of understanding that music, no matter where it comes from, what country it comes from, and though it has characteristics of that culture, there are still what you might call rules or laws which most of the time are broken, but, as we know, the only way to break a rule or a law is to know the law, to know the rule first, and therefore why you break it.