Emst Jünger The Storni of Steel THE STORM OF STEEL THE STORM OF STEEL FROM THE DIARY OF A GERMAN STORM-TROOP OFFICER ON THE WESTERN FRONT ERNST JUNGER LIEUTENANT, 73RD HANOVERIAN FUSILIER REGIMENT HOWARD FERTIG N E W YORK Fifth printing, and first paperback printing, 1996 Published by Howard Fertig, Inc. 80 East 11th Street, New York 10003 All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jünger, Ernst, 1895- The storm of steel. Translation of In Stahlgewittern. Reprint of the 1929 ed. published by Chatto & Windus, London. 1. European War, 1914-1918— Personal narratives, German. 2. Jünger, Ernst, 1895- 1. Title. D640.J693 1975 940.4'82'43 75-22372 ISBN 0-86527-310-3 (doth) ISBN 0-86527-423-1 (pbk.) Printed in the United States of America 11 12 13 14 15 16 THE AUTHOR’S PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION T is not impossible that among the English readers of this book there may be one who in 1915 and I1916 was in one of those trenches that were woven like a web among the ruins of Monchy-au-Bois. In that case he had opposite him at that time the 73rd Hanoverian Fusiliers, who wear as their distinctive badge a brassard with ‘ Gibraltar ’ inscribed on it in gold, in memory of the defence of that fortress under General Elliot ; for this, besides Waterloo, has its place in the regiment’s history. At the time I refer to I was a nineteen-year-old lieutenant in command of a platoon, and my part of the line was easily recognizable from the English side by a row of tall shell-stripped trees that rose from the ruins of Monchy. My left flank was bounded by the sunken road leading to Berles-au-Bois, which was in the hands of the English ; my right was marked by a sap running out from our lines, one that helped us many a time to make our presence felt by means of bombs and rifle-grenades. I daresay this reader remembers, too, the white tom-cat, lamed in one foot by a stray bullet, who had his headquarters in No-man’s-land. He used often to pay me a visit at night in my dugout. This creature, the sole living being that was on visiting terms with both sides, always made on me an impression of extreme mystery. This charm of mystery which lay X AUTHOR’S PREFACE TO ENGLISH EDITION over all that belonged to the other side, to that danger zone full of unseen figures, is one of the strongest im­ pressions that the war has left with me. At that time, before the battle of the Somme, which opened a new chapter in the history of the war, the struggle had not taken on that grim and mathematical aspect which cast over its landscapes a deeper and deeper gloom. There was more rest for the soldier than in the later years when he was thrown into one murder­ ous battle after another ; and so it is that many of those days come back to my memory now with a light on them that is almost peaceful. In our talks in the trenches, in the dugout, or on the fire-step, we often talked of the ‘ Tommy ’ ; and, as any genuine soldier will easily understand, we spoke of him very much more respectfully than was commonly the case with the newspapers of those days. There is no one less likely to disparage the lion than the lion-hunter. Indeed, the landscape in which we lived at that time had something about it of primeval Africa, with two mighty forces of nature locked in conflict there. It was only now and again that one caught sight of a brownish-yellow fleeting shadow against the desolate countryside that stretched on and on before one’s eyes ; or heard, after creeping through the wire at night, a whisper or a cough from a post. The distant sound of transport, a cloud of smoke from a fire hidden from view, fresh chalk spoil thrown out on the tortured ground, the monotonous duel of the guns stretching on from week to month — those were signs that we puzzled over as AUTHOR’S PREFACE TO ENGLISH EDITION xi though they were the runes of - a secret book or the spoor of some mighty and unknown beast that came nightly to drink. As time went on, it grew more and more dangerous to lift a corner of the veil that fell like a magic hood over the spectre that was at once so near and so fatally far off. Raids undertaken to get a glimpse of the enemy’s lines and some information about what was going on there became less frequent and more exacting as the volume and mass of war material increased. A more and more terrific barrage had to be put down before ten or twenty picked men, armed to the teeth, could make their occasional and exceedingly brief appearances in the opposing trenches. What the survivors brought back with them Was the memory of a rapid and frantic glance into Vulcan’s white-hot cauldron. Still, there were moments of another kind when the deep discord and the even deeper unity of this landscape came more clearly to one’s mind. It was strange, for example, to hear at night the cry of the partridges from the waste fields, or at dawn the careless song of the lark as it rose high above the trenches. Did it not seem then that life itself was speaking out of the confidence of its savage and visionary heart, knowing very well that in its more secret and essential depths it had nothing to fear from even the deadliest of wars, and going its way quite unaffected by the superficial interchange of peace and war ? But then, too, did not this life, ruthless towards its creatures, superior to the pain and pleasure of the individual, looking on with indifference while its xü AUTHOR’S PREFACE TO ENGLISH EDITION passive forces were melted down in the crucible of war, enter very clearly even into the soldier’s simple mind ? Many a time, in that quiet interlude after sunset before the first Verey light went up, this message was brought very near to the soul by the song of an outlying post waiting for the night relief. There was a deeper homesickness there than any peace in this world can set at rest. Then the fire-step was manned once more, the relief moved off along the communication trenches, and the brisker rifle-fire of the night-time broke o u t; the ear was again on stretch to catch the pulse- beat of that other life under arms over there in the darkness. And often the Verey lights went up in dozens and the trench got lively when a patrol had crept up to our wire. To-day there is no secret about what those trenches concealed, and a book such as this may, like a trench- map years after the event, be read with sympathy and interest by the other side. But here not only the blue and red lines of the trenches are shown, but the blood that beat and the life that lay hid in them. Time only strengthens my conviction that it was a good and strenuous life, and that the war, for all its destructiveness, was an incomparable schooling of the heart. The front-line soldier whose foot came down on the earth so grimly and harshly may claim this at least, that it came down cleanly. Warlike achievements are enhanced by the inherent worth of the enemy. Of all the troops who were opposed to the Germans on the great battlefields the English AUTHOR’S PREFACE TO ENGLISH EDITION xiii were not only the most formidable but the manliest and the most chivalrous. I rejoice, therefore, to have an opportunity of expressing in time of peace the sincere admiration which I never failed to make clear during the war whenever I came across a wounded man or a prisoner belonging to the British forces. CONTENTS The Author’s Preface to the English Edition ix Orainville i From Bazancourt to Hattonchâtel 12 Les Eparges 19 Douchy and Monchy 31 Trench Warfare Day by Day 46 The Overture to the Somme Offensive 64 Guillemont 92 At St. Pierre Vaast iii The Somme Retreat 121 In the Village of Fresnoy 130 Against Indians 142 Langemarck 161 Regniéville 190 Flanders Again 205 The Battle of Cambrai 221 At the Cojeul River 238 The Great Offensive 244 English Gains 281 My Last Storm 300 XV THE STORM OF STEEL ORAINVILLE ■^HE train stopped at Bazancourt, a small town in Champagne, and there we got out. With T unbelievable awe we listened to the slow pul­ sation of the machinery of the front, a tune to which long years were to accustom us. Far away the white ball of a shrapnel shell melted into the grey December sky. The breath of the war passed by us with its peculiar horror. Did we imagine that nearly every one of us would be swallowed up in the days when that dull muttering over there broke out into unceasing thunder . one earlier, another later ? We had left lecture-room, class-room, and bench behind us. We had been welded by a few weeks’ training into one corporate mass inspired by the enthusiasm of one thought . to carry forward the German ideab of ’70. We had grown up in a material age, and in each one of us there was the yearning for great experience, such as we had never known.