z/OS UNIX System Services User's Guide SA22-7801-14 Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 335. This edition applies to version 1, release 13, modification 0 of IBM z/OS (product number 5694-A01) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. This edition replaces SA22-7801-13. © Copyright IBM Corporation 1996, 2011. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Figures ...............xi Working in line mode ..........16 Why isn't your output displayed on the screen? 16 Tables ...............xiii Determining function key settings and the escape character ...............17 The function key functions ........17 About this document ........xv The escape character ..........20 Who should use z/OS UNIX System Services User's Entering a shell command .........21 Guide? ................xv Customizing the variant characters on your What is in z/OS UNIX System Services User's keyboard ..............21 Guide? ...............xv Entering a long shell command.......21 Tasks that can be performed in more than one Entering a shell command from TSO/E ....22 environment .............xv Interrupting a shell command ........22 Where to find more information ......xvi Typing escape sequences in the shell ......22 Suppressing the newline character ......22 How to send your comments to IBM xix Keyboard remapping ..........23 If you have a technical problem .......xix Determining your session status .......23 Scrolling through output ..........24 Summary of changes ........xxi Using function keys or subcommands ....24 Changes made in z/OS Version 1 Release 13 . xxi Using cursor scrolling ..........25 Changes made in z/OS Version 1 Release 12 . xxi Running a subcommand ..........25 Changes made in z/OS Version 1 Release 11, as Switching to subcommand mode ......25 updated April 2010 ...........xxi Using multiple sessions ..........26 Changes made in z/OS Version 1 Release 11 . xxii Starting sessions ............26 Switching between sessions ........26 Customizing the OMVS interface .......26 Part 1. The z/OS shells .......1 An example of customizing the OMVS command 26 The alarm setting (ALARM | NOALARM) . 27 Chapter 1. An introduction to the z/OS Autoscrolling (AUTOSCROLL | shells ................3 NOAUTOSCROLL)...........27 About shells ..............3 The character conversion table (CONVERT) . 27 Shell commands and utilities ........4 Double-byte character set support (DBCS | The locale in the shells ..........4 NODBCS) ..............28 Daemon support ............4 Debugging for the OMVS command (DEBUG). 28 Running an X-Window application ......4 Giving an application control of the command The shell user .............4 line (ECHO | NOECHO) .........28 Security ...............4 Ending 3270 passthrough mode Accessing the shells — the choices .......5 (ENDPASSTHROUGH) .........28 Terminal emulators ...........5 The escape character (ESCAPE).......28 Interoperability between the shells and MVS....7 Controlling the size of the output scroll buffer Parallels between the MVS environment and the shell (LINES)...............29 environment ..............8 Function key settings (PFn) ........29 Programming for everyday tasks ......9 Displaying the function key settings (PFSHOW | Editing ...............10 NOPFSHOW) ............29 Job control..............10 Specifying Language Environment run-time Background jobs............10 options (RUNOPTS) ..........29 Programming.............10 Multiple sessions (SESSIONS) .......29 Debugging .............10 The shared TSO/E address space (SHAREAS | Data management ...........11 NOSHAREAS) ............30 Controlling data recorded in the debug data set Chapter 2. OMVS, a 3270 terminal (WRAPDEBUG) ............30 Performing TSO/E work or ISPF work after interface to the z/OS shell ......13 invoking the shell ............30 Differences from a UNIX or AIX environment . 13 Entering a TSO/E command from the z/OS shell 30 Invoking the shell ............14 Switching to TSO/E command mode .....31 Changing options on the OMVS command. 14 ftp or telnet from TSO ...........31 Understanding the shell screen ........14 Exiting the shell .............31 © Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2011 iii Getting rid of a hung application .......32 Understanding shell variables ........55 Using a double-byte character set (DBCS) ....32 Customizing your shell environment: The .tcshrc file 56 Single-byte restrictions..........33 Customizing the search path for commands: The PATH variable .............57 Chapter 3. The asynchronous terminal Adding your working directory to the search interface to the shells ........35 path ................58 Checking the search path used for a command 59 ASCII-EBCDIC translation .........35 Customizing the DLL search path: The LIBPATH Using rlogin to access the shell ........35 variable................59 Using telnet to access the shell ........35 Changing the locale in the shell .......59 Using Communications Server login to access the Advantages of a locale compatible with the MVS shell .................35 code page ..............59 The shell session.............36 Advantages of a locale generated with code page Entering a shell command .........36 IBM-1047 ..............60 Interrupting a shell command ........36 Changing the locale setting in your profile . 60 Using multiple sessions ..........36 The LC_SYNTAX environment variable ....61 Using a doublebyte character set (DBCS) ....36 The LOCPATH environment variable .....63 Standard shell escape characters .......37 Customizing the language of your messages . 63 Setting your local time zone .........63 Chapter 4. Customizing the z/OS shell 39 Building a STEPLIB environment: The STEPLIB Customizing your .profile .........39 environment variable ...........64 Quoting variable values .........41 Restrictions on STEPLIB data sets ......64 Changing variable values dynamically ....41 Setting variables for a shell session ......64 Understanding shell variables ........41 Displaying current option settings ......65 Customizing your shell environment: The ENV Controlling redirection..........65 variable................42 Preventing wildcard character expansion . 65 Customizing the search path for commands: The Displaying input from a file ........65 PATH variable .............43 Displaying deletion verification.......65 Adding your working directory to the search Files accessed at termination.........66 path ................43 Checking the search path used for a command 44 Chapter 6. Working with z/OS shell Customizing the FPATH search path: The FPATH variable...............44 commands .............67 Customizing the DLL search path: The LIBPATH Specifying shell command options.......67 variable................44 Specifying options with accompanying arguments 68 Improving the performance of shell scripts ....45 Help for shell command usage .......68 Changing the locale in the shell .......45 Understanding standard input, standard output, Advantages of a locale compatible with the MVS and standard error ............68 code page ..............45 Redirecting command output to a file .....69 Advantages of a locale generated with code page Redirecting input from a file.........70 IBM-1047 ..............46 Redirecting error output to a file .......70 Changing the locale setting in your profile . 46 Closing a file ..............71 The LC_SYNTAX environment variable ....47 Dumping nontext files to standard output ....71 The LOCPATH environment variable .....49 Setting up an alias for a command ......71 Customizing the language of your messages . 50 Defining an alias ...........72 Setting your local time zone .........50 Redefining an alias for a session ......72 Building a STEPLIB environment: The STEPLIB Setting up an alias for a particular version of a environment variable ...........50 command ..............73 Restrictions on STEPLIB data sets ......51 Using alias tracking ..........73 Setting options for a shell session .......51 Turning off an alias...........74 Exporting variables ...........52 Combining commands...........75 Controlling redirection..........52 Using a semicolon (;) ..........75 Preventing wildcard character expansion . 52 Using && and || ...........75 Displaying input from a file ........52 Using a pipe .............75 Running a command in the current environment 52 Using substitution in commands .......76 Displaying current option settings ......52 Using the find command in command substitution constructs..........76 Chapter 5. Customizing the tcsh shell 53 Characters that have special meaning to the shell. 77 Characters used with commands ......77 Understanding the startup files ........53 Characters used in file names .......78 Quoting variable values .........54 Redirecting input and output .......79 Changing variable values dynamically ....55 iv z/OS V1R13.0 UNIX System Services User's Guide Using a special character without its special Using a wildcard character to specify file names 103 meaning ...............79 The * character ............103 The backslash ............79 The ? character ............103 A pair of single quotes (' ') ........80 The square brackets [ ] .........104 A pair of double quotes (" ")........80 Retrieving previously entered commands ....104 Using a wildcard character to specify file names . 80 Retrieving commands from the history file . 105 The * character ............80 Editing commands from the history file . 105 The ?