TMS320C3x/C4x Assembly Language Tools User’s Guide Literature Number: SPRU035D June 1998 Printed on Recycled Paper IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. 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TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI’s publication of information regarding any third party’s products or services does not constitute TI’s approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. Copyright 1998, Texas Instruments Incorporated Preface Read This First About This Manual The TMS320C3x/C4x Assembly Language Tools User’s Guide tells you how to use these assembly language tools: - Assembler - Archiver - Linker - Hex conversion utility Before you can use this book, you should read the TMS320C3x/C4x Code Generation Tools Getting Started Guide to install the assembly language tools. How to Use This Manual The goal of this book is to help you learn how to use the Texas Instruments assembly language tools specifically designed for the TMS320C3x/C4x floating-point DSPs. This book is divided into four distinct parts: - Part I: Introductory Information gives you an overview of the assembly language development tools and also discusses common object file format (COFF) which helps you to use the TMS320C3x and TMS320C4x tools more efficiently. Read Chapter 2 before using the assembler and linker. - Part II: Assembler Description contains detailed information about using the assembler. This section explains how to invoke the assembler and discusses source statement format, valid constants and expressions, assembler output, and assembler directives. - Part III: Additional Assembly Language Tools describes in detail each of the tools provided with the assembler to help you create assembly language source files. For example, Chapter 8 explains how to invoke the linker, how the linker operates, and how to use linker directives. Chapter 10 explains how to use the hex conversion utility. iii How to Use This Manual/Notational Conventions - Part IV: Reference Material provides supplementary information. This section contains technical data about the internal format and structure of COFF object files. It discusses symbolic debugging directives that the TMS320C3x/C4x C compiler uses. Finally, it includes sample linker command files, assembler and linker error messages, and a glossary. Notational Conventions This document uses the following conventions. - Program listings, program examples, and interactive displays are shown in a special typeface similar to a typewriter’s. Examples use a bold version of the special typeface for emphasis; interactive displays use a bold version of the special typeface to distinguish commands that you enter from items that the system displays (such as prompts, command output, error messages, etc.). Here is a sample program listing: 0011 0005 0001 .field 1, 2 0012 0005 0003 .field 3, 4 0013 0005 0006 .field 6, 3 0014 0006 .even - In syntax descriptions, the instruction, command, or directive is in a bold typeface font and parameters are in an italic typeface. Portions of a syntax that are in bold should be entered as shown; portions of a syntax that are in italics describe the type of information that should be entered. Here is an example of command line syntax: asm30 filename Here asm30 is a command. The command invokes the assembler and has one parameter, indicated by filename. When you invoke the assembler, you supply the name of the file that the assembler uses as input. - Square brackets ( [ and ] ) identify an optional parameter. If you use an optional parameter, you specify the information within the brackets; you don’t enter the brackets themselves. Here’s an example of an instruction that has an optional parameter: hex30 [–options] filename The hex30 command has two parameters. The first parameter, –options, is optional. Since options is plural, you may select several options. The second parameter, filename, is required. iv Notational Conventions Square brackets are also used as part of the pathname specification for VMS pathnames; in this case, the brackets are actually part of the pathname (they are not optional). - In assembler syntax statements, column one is reserved for the first character of a label or symbol. If the label or symbol is optional, it is usually not shown. If it is a required parameter, then it will be shown starting against the left margin of the shaded box, as in the example below. No instruction, command, directive, or parameter, other than a symbol or label, should begin in column one. symbol .usect ”section name”, size in bytes The symbol is required for the .usect directive and must begin in column one. The section name must be enclosed in quotes, and the section size in bytes must be separated from the section name by a comma. - Braces ( { and } ) indicate a list. The symbol | (read as or) separates items within the list. Here’s an example of a list: { * | *+ | *– } This provides three choices: *, *+, or *–. Unless the list is enclosed in square brackets, you must choose one item from the list. - Some directives can have a varying number of parameters. For example, the .byte directive can have up to 100 parameters. The syntax for this directive is: .byte value1 [, ... , valuen] This syntax shows that .byte must have at least one value parameter, but you have the option of supplying additional value parameters, separated by commas. Read This First v Related Documentation From Texas Instruments Related Documentation From Texas Instruments The following books describe the TMS320C3x/C4x and related support tools. To obtain a copy of any of these TI documents, call the Texas Instruments Literature Response Center at (800) 477–8924. When ordering, please identify the book by its title and literature number. TMS320C3x/C4x Code Generation Tools Getting Started Guide (literature number SPRU119) describes how to install the TMS320C3x/C4x assembly language tools and the C compiler. Installation instructions are included for MS–DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows NT, Windows 95, SunOS, Solaris, and HP–UX systems. TMS320C3x/C4x Optimizing C Compiler User’s Guide (literature number SPRU034) describes the TMS320 floating-point C compiler. This C compiler accepts ANSI standard C source code and produces TMS320 assembly language source code for the ’C3x and ’C4x generations of devices. TMS320C3x C Source Debugger User’s Guide (literature number SPRU053) tells you how to invoke the ’C3x emulator, evaluation module, and simulator versions of the C source debugger interface. This book discusses various aspects of the debugger interface, including window management, command entry, code execution, data management, and breakpoints. It also includes a tutorial that introduces basic debugger functionality. TMS320C4x C Source Debugger User’s Guide (literature number SPRU054) tells you how to invoke the ’C4x emulator and simulator versions of the C source debugger interface. This book discusses various aspects of the debugger interface, including window management, command entry, code execution, data management, and breakpoints. It also includes a tutorial that introduces basic debugger functionality. TMS320C3x User’s Guide (literature number SPRU031) describes the ’C3x 32-bit floating-point microprocessor (developed for digital signal processing as well as general applications), its architecture, internal register structure, instruction set, pipeline, specifications, and DMA and serial port operation. Software and hardware applications are included. TMS320C32 Addendum to the TMS320C3x User’s Guide (literature number SPRU132) describes the TMS320C32 floating-point microprocessor (developed for digital signal processing as well as general applications). Discusses its architecture, internal register structure, specifications,