UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 2009 Effect of mechanical vibrations on light emitting diode luminaires Jayalakshmi Paladugu University of Nevada Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons Repository Citation Paladugu, Jayalakshmi, "Effect of mechanical vibrations on light emitting diode luminaires" (2009). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/1392602 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EFFECT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS ON LIGHT EMITTING DIODE LUMINAIRES by Jayalakshmi Paladugu Bachelor of Science Anna University, India 2007 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering Graduate College University Of Nevada, Las Vegas December 2009 THE GRADUATE COLLEGE We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by Jayalakshmi Paladugu entitled Effect of Mechanical Vibrations on Light Emitting Diode Luminaires be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Electrical Engineering Rama Venkat, Committee Chair Paolo Ginobbi, Committee Member Yahia Baghzouz, Committee Member Laxmi P. Gewali, Graduate Faculty Representative Ronald Smith, Ph. D., Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies and Dean of the Graduate College December 2009 ii ABSTRACT Effect of Mechanical Vibrations on Light Emitting Diode Luminaires by Jayalakshmi Paladugu Dr. Rama Venkat, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas In this work, a LED and two types of Compact fluorescent lamps were investigated for the intensity variation due to mechanical vibrations in the range of 0 to 30 HZ. In general, subjecting the lamps to 24-hour vibration affects the total intensity percentage variations of peak intensities after vibrations is in the range of -25 to +15% compared to those of no vibrations for the light emitting diode luminaires. For the case of compact fluorescent lamps (Nuvue) the variations are in range from +10 to +35%, whereas for the Compact fluorescent lamps (Ecosmart) the intensity peaks range from -10 to +10%. Continuous vibration measurements at varying vibrational frequencies (measurements at each frequency for every 10 minutes) show that in the case of LED luminaires, there is no consistency of intensity peaks in case of light emitting diodes, i.e. there is an increase and decrease in intensities, whereas in the case of both compact fluorescent bulbs, there is an increase in intensity at the wavelength of 546.78nm (wavelength of maximum human sensitivity) which reaches a maximum at around 25Hz. Intensity variation effects due to vibration are attributed to the dropping off loose phosphor coatings in the inside wall of the glass enclosures. This effect is more pronounced in CFLs compared to LED luminaires due to the difference in the way the phosphor is coated/sandwiched. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... III LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................VI LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... X CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY........................................................................... 12 2.1 Incandescent Lighting.............................................................................................. 12 2.2 Fluorescent Lighting................................................................................................ 17 2.3 Light Emitting Diode Based Lighting ..................................................................... 21 2.3.1 Light Emitting Diode Development.................................................................. 21 2.3.2 LED Luminaires for Lighting ........................................................................... 23 2.4 Summary of Various lighting systems..................................................................... 29 2.5 Comparing Incandescent, CFL, LED luminaires .................................................... 30 CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP ........................................................................ 33 3.1 Experimental setup .................................................................................................. 33 3.1.1 Vibration table................................................................................................... 33 3.1.2 Maximum Force and Current ratings ................................................................ 35 3.1.3 Maximum stroke ............................................................................................... 36 3.1.4 Amplifier........................................................................................................... 37 3.1.5 Frequency generator.......................................................................................... 37 3.2 Lamp fixture and the bulb ....................................................................................... 38 3.3 Goniometer .............................................................................................................. 40 3.4 Spectrometer............................................................................................................ 42 3.4.1 Spectrometric measurements ............................................................................ 45 3.4.2 Measurements calibration and Calculations...................................................... 45 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................................................. 48 4.1 Spectrometric Measurements .................................................................................. 49 4.2 LED luminaires measurement ................................................................................. 49 4.2.1 Intensity Measurements with varying vibrational frequencies ......................... 64 4.2.2 Summary and discussion on LED luminaires measurements ........................... 65 4.3 CFL measurements.................................................................................................. 65 4.3.1 CFL (Nuvue) measurements ............................................................................. 65 4.3.1.1 Intensity Measurements with varying vibrational frequencies ............. 80 4.3.1.2 Summary and discussion on CFL measurements........................................... 81 4.3.2 CFL (Ecosmart) Measurements ........................................................................ 81 4.3.2.1 Intensity Measurements with varying vibrational frequencies ........... 100 4.3.2.2 Long term no vibration test................................................................. 101 iv 4.3.2.3 Summary and discussion on CFL (Ecosmart) measurements............. 102 4.5 Discussion.............................................................................................................. 103 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................... 104 5.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 104 5.2 Recommendations ................................................................................................. 106 BIBILOGRAPHY........................................................................................................... 107 VITA............................................................................................................................... 109 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Response of the Human Eye for Light ......................................................... 2 Figure 1.2 Photometric efficacies for different lamp sources........................................ 5 Figure 2.1 A diagram showing parts of incandescent bulb…………………………...16 Figure 2.2 A picture of fluorescent light and its parts ................................................. 19 Figure 2.3 A photograph of led and its parts ............................................................... 25 Figure 2.4 A photograph of high power par30 26 degree led - warm white used for this work............................................................................................................ 29 Figure 3.1 A Schematic diagram illustrating