Welcome to AP World History! Summer Work 2018-2019 Instructor: Joshua Lewis Email: [email protected] Thank you for choosing to challenge yourselves and take your first AP course! This course will be rigorous as we have an immense amount of information to cover in a short period of time…so the fun starts now! Below you will find a description of the course and an overview of the attached summer work. The College Board Course Description of AP World History: “AP World History is designed to be the equivalent of a two-semester introductory college or university world history course. In AP World History students investigate significant events, individuals, developments, and processes in six historical periods from approximately 8000 B.C.E. to the present. Students develop and use the same skills, practices, and methods employed by historians: analyzing primary and secondary sources; developing historical arguments; making historical comparisons; and utilizing reasoning about contextualization, causation, and continuity and change over time. The course provides five themes that students explore throughout the course in order to make connections among historical developments in different times and places: interaction between humans and the environment; development and interaction of cultures; state building, expansion, and conflict; creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems; and development and transformation of social structures.” Summer Work 2018-2019: In preparation for our upcoming year together you will need to complete the accompanying assignments prior to the first day of school. All assignments are due promptly on the first day of school…late work will not be accepted and given a grade of 0% (late transfer students are the only exception). An overview of your summer work includes: Ways of the World by Robert W. Strayer Chapters 1-3 and complete outlines This Fleeting World: A Short History of Humanity by David Christian Read and complete assignments given on the assignment sheet A Summary of Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel by Kim Marshall – May 2016 Take notes as you read…you should be able to answer the Essential Questions included at the end (but you are not required to for summer work) Mapping Activity (see attached handouts for directions, locations/features and maps) Map #1: AP World Regions Map #2: Bodies of Water and Rivers Map #3: Mountains and Deserts AP World History Summer Work 2018-2019 Ways of the World Notes Outline ~ Read the Chapters and Take Notes As You Go ~ This outline reflects the major headings and subheadings of these chapters in your textbook. Use it to take notes as you read each section of the chapters. In your notes, try to restate the main idea of each section and do not forget to include page numbers! Chapter 1: First Peoples, First Farmers: Most of History in a Single Chapter, to 4000 B.C.E. I. Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations A. Into Eurasia 1. Migrations: 45,000–20,000 years ago 2. New hunting tools 3. Cave paintings 4. Venus figurines B. Into Australia 1. Migrations by boats as early as 60,000 years ago 2. Dreamtime C. Into the Americas 1. Bering Strait migrations: 30,000–15,000 years ago 2. Clovis culture 3. Large animal extinctions 4. Diversification of lifestyles D. Into the Pacific 1. Waterborne migrations 3,500–1,000 years ago 2. Intentional colonization of new lands 3. Human environmental impacts II. The Ways We Were A. The First Human Societies 1. Small populations with low density 2. Egalitarian societies 3. Widespread violence B. Economy and the Environment 1. The “original affluent society?” 2. Altering the environment C. The realm of the Spirit 1. Ceremonial space 2. Cyclical view of time D. Settling Down: The Great Transition 1. New tools and collecting wild grains 2. Climate change and permanent communities 3. Göbekli Tepe: “The First Temple” 4. Settlements make greater demands on environment III. Breakthrough to Agriculture A. Common Patterns 1. Separate, independent, and almost simultaneous 2. Climate change 3. Gender patterns 4. A response to population growth B. Variations 1. Local plants and animals determined path to agriculture 2. Fertile Crescent first with a quick, 500-year transition 3. Multiple sites in Africa 4. Potatoes and maize but few animals in the Americas IV. The Globalization of Agriculture A. Triumph and Resistance 1. Diffusion and migration 2. Resistance 3. End of old ways of life B. The Culture of Agriculture 1. Dramatic population increase 2. Increased human impact on the environment 3. Negative health impacts 4. Technological innovations 5. Alcohol! V. Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture A. Pastoral Societies 1. Environmental factors 2. Milk, meat, and blood 3. Mobility 4. Conflict with settled communities B. Agriculture Village Societies 1. Social equality 2. Gender equity 3. Kinship ties and role of elders C. Chiefdoms 1. Not force but gifts, rituals, and charisma 2. Religious and secular authority 3. Collection and redistribution of tribute VI. Reflections A. “Progress?” B. Paleolithic values C. Objectivity Chapter 2: First Civilizations: Cities, States, and Unequal Societies (3500 B.C.E.–500 B.C.E.) I. Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations A. Introducing the First Civilizations 1. Sumer, Egypt, & Nubia, 3500–3000 B.C.E. 2. Norte Chico, 3000–1800 B.C.E. 3. Indus Valley and Oxus, 2200 B.C.E–1700 B.C.E. 4. Xia, Shang, & Zhou, 2200–771 B.C.E. 5. Olmec, 1200 B.C.E. B. The Question of Origins 1. Roots in Agricultural Revolution 2. Growing population density, competition, and subordination C. An Urban Revolution 1. Uruk, Mohenjo Daro, Harappa, & Teotihuacán 2. Centers of politics, administration, culture, and economics 3. Impersonal and unequal II. The Erosion of Equality A. Hierarchies of Class 1. Inequalities of wealth, status, & power 2. Impact of urbanization 3. Elite privileges 4. Wealth producers 5. Slaves B. Hierarchies of Gender 1. Sex versus gender 2. Patriarchal ideal versus reality 3. Farm labor, warfare, and property C. Patriarchy in Practice 1. Law and female sexuality 2. Respectable and non-respectable women 3. Decline of the goddesses III. The Rise of the State A. Coercion and Consent 1. The need for organization 2. Monopoly on the legitimate use of violence 3. Religion and political power B. Writing and Accounting 1. Literacy and social status 2. Tracking wealth and property C. The Grandeur of Kings 1. Lifestyles of the rich and famous 2. Death styles of the elite IV. Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt A. Environment and Culture 1. Different rivers 2. Pessimistic Mesopotamia & Optimistic Egypt 3. Soil health B. Cities and States 1. Violent and unstable city-states 2. Security, stability, and political longevity C. Interaction and Exchange 1. Long-distance trade 2. Cultural influences 3. Migrations, rivalries, and diplomacy V. Reflections: “Civilization”: What’s in a Word? A. Debate on terminology B. Ambiguous views of civilization C. Are civilizations solid? Chapter 3: State and Empire in Eurasia/North Africa (500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.) I. Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks A. The Persian Empire 1. King of Kings: Cyrus & Darius 2. Multiculturalism 3. Infrastructure B. The Greeks 1. Hellenes 2. City-states 3. Expansion by migration 4. Citizens and hoplites C. Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars 1. Ionia 2. Athens: Victorious, democratic, and imperial 3. The Peloponnesian War, 431–404 B.C.E. II. Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese A. Rome: From City-State to Empire 1. An upstart republic 2. An expansionist warrior society 3. Changing gender norms 4. Civil war and the death of the republic B. China: From Warring States to Empire 1. Qin Shihuangdi’s brutal quest for order 2. The moralistic and moderate Han C. Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires 1. Supernatural sanctions 2. Absorbing foreign religion 3. Paths to assimilation 4. The use of language 5. Bureaucracy versus aristocracy D. The Collapse of Empires 1. Over-extension 2. Rivalries amongst elites 3. Pressures from nomadic people 4. Revival? III. Intermittent Empire: The Case of India A. The Aryan Controversy B. Political fragmentation and cultural diversity, but a distinctive religious tradition C. Mauryan Empire (326-184 B.C.E.) D. Ashoka (r. 268-232 B.C.E.) E. Gupta Empire (320-550 C.E.) F. Great civilizational achievements without a central state IV. Reflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave Empires A. Mao Zedong and Qin Shihuangdi B. Ashoka in modern India C. British imperial and Italian fascist uses of Rome ~ This outline has been modeled and adapted from various AP teachers and the textbook ~ AP World History Summer Work 2018-2019 This Fleeting World: A Short History of Humanity By David Christian This Fleeting World is your launch pad for a year of historical exploration; these questions will help to guide you. The first thing you’ll notice about This Fleeting World is that it moves fast, but don’t worry; it’s not meant to tell you everything you need to know about human history. Rather, this book provides broad brushstrokes, noting the most significant “threshold moments” that changed the way we have lived on Earth. 1. Complete the following in either blaCk/blue pen or typed and answer in complete sentenCes when neCessary. 1. What is the thesis of this book? This is an absolute! You must determine what the author is arguing. 2. Why do you think the author chose to organize the book in the manner that he did? Make sure you read the preface and the introduction - this will help answer both questions one and two. 3. Respond to half of the “Thought Experiments” of your choice. 4. Define all the terms in the “Topics for Further Study” boxes.