OREGON ADULT GAMBLING BEHAVIOR STUDY 2016 PRELIMINARY DRAFT WORKING REPORT 03/26/16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Oregon Council on Problem Gambling wishes to thank their partners, major funders, and supporters for this study that included: Oregon Lottery Oregon Health Authority Health Systems Division Problem Gambling Services Unit The Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Spirit Mountain Community Fund Oregon Restaurant and Lodging Association Problem Gambling Solutions, Inc. Herbert & Louis LLC The Council would also like to gratefully acknowledge the efforts by the contractors who made this study possible: Thomas L. Moore, PhD Chief Executive Officer Herbert & Louis, LLC Wilsonville, Oregon Principal Investigator Rachel A. Volberg, Ph.D. Chief Executive Officer Gemini Research, LTD Northhampton, Massachusetts Senior Research Consultant Debi Elliott, Ph.D., Director Amber Johnson, Ph.D., Project Manager Tiffany Conklin, M.U.S., Senior Research Assistant Portland State University Survey Research Lab Portland, Oregon Suggested citation: Moore, T. L., Volberg, R. A. (2016). Oregon adult gambling behavior 2016: preliminary report . Wilsonville, OR: Oregon Council on Problem Gambling. Suggested citation for appendix: Johnson, A., Conklin, T., Elliott, D. (2015). Oregon gambling prevalence study: final results report 2015. Portland, OR: Portland State University Survey Research Lab 1 Table of Contents Purpose of Report ........................................................................................................................... 1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Instrument ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Sampling Protocol ........................................................................................................................... 6 Findings........................................................................................................................................... 9 Weighting .................................................................................................................................... 9 Demographics ............................................................................................................................. 9 Attitudes & Awareness ............................................................................................................. 13 Gambling Participation Rates ................................................................................................... 18 Gambling Preferences, Frequency, and Expenditures .............................................................. 19 Social Gaming ........................................................................................................................... 36 Problem Gambling Rates .............................................................................................................. 38 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 46 References ..................................................................................................................................... 48 Attachment: Oregon Gambling Prevalence Study: final results report 2015. .............................. 50 1 Purpose of Report This preliminary report is to provide to the key community partners and stakeholders of the Oregon Council on Problem Gambling (Council) of the overarching findings from the core elements of the study for the purposes of initial resource planning for the prevention and treatment of disorder gambling among Oregonians. Overview The study consisted of a replication of previous adult gambling prevalence studies conducted in Oregon in order to assess potential changes in gambling behaviors, demographic characteristic of gamblers, and estimated rates of disordered gambling. These studies were conducted in 1996 (Volberg, R., 1997), 2000 (Volberg, R. 2001; Moore, T., 2001), and 2005 (Moore, T., 2006). All of these studies, including the present study, were conducted using the best known practices associated with Address Based Sampling (ABS) and Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) of randomized statewide households. In addition to the replication component, the current study also incorporated a web-based survey of Oregon adults. The intention of this component was to test innovative technological advancements with the CATI based protocol. Since the 1 first prevalence study in Oregon the dynamics of population-based surveying has changed dramatically with the continued expansion of portable phones and the rapid development and usage of internet connectivity. This report pertains primarily to the telephone-based sample as the findings from this protocol are more comparable to the previous adult studies conducted in Oregon. Instrument The instrument contained 106 questions that were distributed within the following domains: Gambling Activities. This section contained a total of 51 questions. This section was constructed around core gambling activities, frequency of play, amount spent, location of play, and in some areas preferred game. These follow- up questions were only asked of participants if they endorsed playing any of the 16 activities listed below in the past 12 months. The gambling activities identified: charitable games bingo in a non-Indian bingo hall OSL video poker excluding line games OSL video line games excluding video poker OSL Keno OSL tradition games (drawings and scratch-its) casino/Indian Gaming Center (IGC) card games not at a casino/IGC animal racing 2 slot machine not at OSL or casino/IGC games of skill dice not at casino/IGC stock market (other than routine, planned contributions) sporting events fantasy sports other gambling activities not listed Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI): This nine-item index is a component of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) that was initially published in Canada for the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (Ferris, J., & Wynne, H., 2001). It was formally reviewed by the Canadian Consortium for Gambling Research (McCready, J. & Adlaf, E, 2006; Currie, S., Casey D., Hodgins, D., 2010) and has seen extensive use across all ten Canadian provinces as well as in Australia, Norway, Great Britain, Iceland and the U.S. Additional significant evaluation of the instrument included efforts by Williams & Volberg (2010, 2014). In 2012 Currie and colleagues continued research on the instrument and published another report regarding instrument validity (Currie, S., Hodgins, D., Casey, D. 2012) The PGSI was employed in the current study to replace the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) to facilitate comparisons with more recent and wider dispersed studies. 3 National Opinion Research Center DSM Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS): The original NODS instrument was developed as part of the efforts of the National Gambling Impact Study Commission under a contract with the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago. It was initially found to possess strong validity, good internal consistency and good test- retest reliability (Gerstein, et al. 1999) and other research found the instrument had high internal consistency as well as good concurrent and discriminant validity (Hodgins, D., 2002; Wickwire, E., et al., 2008). The NODS was composed of 17 lifetime and 17 mirroring past year items. Attempting to quantify life time problem gambling rates using diagnostic screening and assessment has been problematic and the lifetime items have been omitted from the instrument for the past two studies. The NODS was used in the 2000 and 2006 studies. As reported in the findings from the previous study (Moore, T., 2006), the NODS was more restrictive in assessing problematic behaviors than the SOGS or any other screen based on the DSM-IV criteria. Social Gaming: With the rapid expansion of the use of electronic devices, and the corresponding expansion of electronically based games, a growing concern of the potential relationship between non-betting games and gambling has become 4 of concern in Oregon. In order to establish a baseline of social gaming, the current study contained five items related to electronically based non-wagering games. There is little concurrence in the emerging literature regarding the nomenclature associated with social gaming. The term itself is misleading as an individual can be involved in electronically-based games and be completely isolated from other individuals, or can be engaged online with literally hundreds of others playing against each other. A second issue is the potential blurriness related to the expenditure of money to play certain games. Although not gambling per se, the purchase of games, tokens, points, virtual goods or accessories within some games can become quite expensive as players compete to reach higher levels. Finally, the act of playing electronically-based games encompasses many of the behaviors associated with the play of electronically-based gambling opportunities especially the opportunity for players to become dissociated from reality. Attitudes and Awareness: This section of the instrument was also new and was modeled after the attitude questions utilized in the very large scale longitudinal study under way in Massachusetts (Volberg, R., et al.