Logic Pro 7 Reference Manual Apple Computer, Inc. © 2004 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software licence agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple Computer, Inc. is not responsible for printing or clerical errors. 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Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products. 1 Contents Preface 9 Logic Reference 9 What Is Logic? 10 About this Manual Chapter 1 13 Using Logic 13 Using the Mouse 14 Input Options 16 Tools and the Toolbox 21 Window Functions 34 Edit Operations 36 Selection Techniques 39 General Functions of the Editors 44 Key Commands 52 Step Input 57 Caps Lock Keyboard 59 Song Administration 70 Standard MIDI Files 72 Apple Loops 77 GarageBand File Import 78 ReCycle Import 80 Audio Export and Import Chapter 2 85 Transport 85 The Transport Window 97 The Bar Ruler 100 Cycle Mode 102 Recording 106 Chase Events Chapter 3 109 Arrange Window 109 Overview 110 Tracks 120 Arrange Channel Strip 121 MIDI Multi-Track Recording 3 123 MIDI Instruments 128 MIDI Regions 141 MIDI Region Playback Parameters 147 Quantization 151 Groove 152 Folders 155 Aliases 157 Markers 165 Time and Key Signature Editor 167 Arrange Window Techniques 170 Altering the Display 173 Reset Functions Chapter 4 175 Audio in the Arrange Window 175 Regions 184 Audio Recording 190 Functions 196 Freeze Chapter 5 201 The Environment 201 Environment—Introduction 202 Basic Operation 207 The MIDI Signal Path 211 Environment Objects 243 Faders 256 SysEx Faders 260 Environment Exchange Chapter 6 265 Logic’s Mixing Facilities 265 Audio Mixer 269 Audio Objects in the Audio and Track Mixer 295 Audio Object Types 305 Audio Configuration 307 Track Mixer 310 MIDI Channel Strips Chapter 7 313 Automation 313 Automation—Introduction 315 Track Based Automation 322 Region Based Automation 323 HyperDraw 328 Conversion of Automation Data 4 Contents Chapter 8 329 Global Tracks 330 Display Options for Global Tracks 331 How to Create, Move, Copy, and Delete Global Events 332 Marker Track 335 Tempo Track 337 Beat Mapping Track 341 Signature Track 342 Chord Track 344 Transposition Track 346 Video Track Chapter 9 349 Audio Window 349 Audio Window—Introduction 351 Layout 353 Display 356 Operation 362 File Administration 372 Strip Silence 376 Further Options Chapter 10 377 Audio Drivers 377 The Audio Hardware and Drivers Dialog 381 Audio Engine 381 Realtime Sample Rate Conversion 382 Distributed Audio Processing Chapter 11 385 Sample Editor 385 Sample Editor—Introduction 387 Display 390 The Sample Edit Window in Use 398 Functions 402 Digital Factory 418 Third Party Plug-ins Chapter 12 419 Project Manager 419 Main Functions 421 Scanning 423 Browse Mode 425 Edit Menu 427 Functions Menu 432 View Menu 434 Navigate 435 Project Manager Preferences 436 Comments Contents 5 Chapter 13 439 Event List 439 Using the Event List 441 Display 442 Operation 444 Event List Structure 447 Event Type Structure 453 Tips for Numerical Input 453 Event Float Window Chapter 14 455 Hyper Editor 455 Hyper Editor—Introduction 456 Hyper Sets 457 Event Definitions 463 Operation Chapter 15 467 Matrix Editor 467 Matrix Editor—Introduction 468 Display 469 Editing Notes 473 Multiple MIDI Region Edit 474 Hyper Draw in the Matrix Window Chapter 16 475 Score Editor 475 Score Editor—Introduction 477 Elements of the Score Edit Window 478 Notation Concept 482 General Appearance 485 Input Methods in the Score Window 486 Score Display Options—a Survey 487 Printout 488 Graphic Export 489 Realtime MIDI Recording 489 Step Input 490 Mouse Input 495 The Part Box 516 Move, Copy, and Paste 519 Editing or Deleting Notes and Symbols 522 The Display Parameter Box 529 Score Styles 548 Note Attributes 552 Instrument Sets and Score Display Levels 560 Song Settings for Score Display 574 Score Preferences 6 Contents 575 Text: Input and Display 582 Chord Symbols Chapter 17 587 The Transform Window 587 Transform Window—Introduction 589 Transformation 595 Parameter Sets Chapter 18 597 Tempo 597 Display and Functions 598 Tempo List Editor 599 Tempo Operations 601 Tempo Interpreter 603 Real Time Tempo Fader Chapter 19 605 Synchronization 605 Functions 607 Synchronization Window 614 Bar Ruler—Time Ruler 616 MIDI Machine Control 618 Sync Problems and Solutions Chapter 20 619 Video 619 Synchronizing QuickTime Movies 621 Video Thumbnail Track 622 Automatic Scene Cut Detection/Scene Markers Chapter 21 625 Song Settings and Preferences 626 Song Settings 639 Preferences Chapter 22 655 Control Surface Support 656 Installation 658 Setup Window Parameters 664 Control Surface Preferences 668 Customizing Control Surfaces 671 The Controller Assignments Window Glossary 683 Index 713 Contents 7 Logic Reference Preface Recent years have seen a revolution in the use of personal computers for creating music. Music projects that until recently would have required an array of professional studio equipment can now be completed in a home or project studio, using a personal computer and readily available resources. A personal computer with a fast processor and enough RAM can now serve as a workstation for recording, arranging, mixing, and producing complete music projects, which can be played back on the computer, burned on a CD or DVD, or distributed over the Internet. What Is Logic? Logic is an integrated system for composing, producing, and scoring music, built specifically for Mac OS X. Musicians can create professional sounding original music compositions, royalty-free soundtracks for Final Cut Pro video projects, and more. Logic allows you to build musical arrangements using MIDI and software instruments alongside audio recordings of acoustic instruments, vocal performances and prerecorded audio files. You can freely combine and arrange loops plus MIDI and software instrument parts in Logic’s Arrange window, add professional-quality effects, mix your music in stereo or Surround, and export the final mix to one or more standard audio file(s) or an audio CD that can be played on any multimedia-equipped computer, home stereo or imported into Final Cut Pro or other applications. Logic includes the following features, amongst many others: • Record MIDI information via connected MIDI input devices, such as keyboards, and play back this information via any connected MIDI device or Logic’s integrated software instruments. • Create, arrange, and edit MIDI projects, and print out musical notation via a printer connected to your computer. • Digitally record acoustic and electric instruments or vocal performances into your projects, and process these audio recordings with Logic’s in-built real-time effects. 9 • Make use of the integrated software instruments, including; Sculpture, Ultrabeat, ES1, ES2, EVP88, EVB3, EVD6, and EXS24 or third-party Audio Unit instruments. • Load songs or channel strips from Apple’s GarageBand application, and edit them, making use of the additional processing and editing possibilities afforded by Logic. • Mix your MIDI and audio tracks, including effects and software-based instrument settings, via a sophisticated total recall mix automation system. Logic includes high- quality effects plug-ins that you can use in your projects. You can also install third- party effects in the Audio Units plug-in format. • Bounce all audio data, including effects and mix automation settings, to a stereo (or multiple Surround format) file(s) for mastering or further processing. • Work in real time: You can work on Logic projects in real time, adding, and editing audio and MIDI parts while the project is playing, and hear the results of your changes immediately. • Use existing loop libraries: Logic directly supports Apple Loop files, and is compatible with a wide variety of existing audio file types, including those created in ReCycle. • Locate and preview files easily: The Project Manager and Apple Loop Browser, parts of the Logic interface, provide powerful file browsing and search features, making it easy to locate loops by instrument, genre, mood, or other search criteria. • Mix Apple Loops recorded at different tempos and keys: Logic automatically matches loops to the project tempo and key, allowing you to freely combine loops from different sources in a single project. About this Manual This book is the final arbiter on all things in Logic, and covers all areas of the program in detail. You will find descriptions of the most essential aspects of Logic’s interface, commands, and menus in the Using Logic chapter. These descriptions are often paired with instructions or examples for accomplishing specific tasks. Chapter 2 discusses the use of Logic’s Transport functions and covers the navigation of your Logic projects. The following chapters will provide you with an overview and complete description of all parameters and functions available in each of Logic’s editing and file handling windows.