Massachusetts Vulnerability Assessment 2016 Species of Greatest Conservation Need Animal Species Profiles Prepared by Toni Lyn Morelli and Jennifer R. Smetzer June 2016 1 Preface These species profiles were produced for the 2016 Massachusetts Rapid Assessment Protocol of their Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN). Each profile summarizes what is known about specific SGCN species responses to climate change to date and anticipated under future scenarios and highlights where other factors are expected to exacerbate the effects of climate change. This information was obtained through a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature, primarily using the ISI Web of Knowledge to search for papers on each species related to “climate”, “temperature”, “drought”, “flood”, or “precipitation”. A substantial amount of information was available from the Massachusetts Climate Action Tool, a project produced by Scott Jackson, Michelle Staudinger, Steve DeStefano, Toni Lyn Morelli, and others. In addition, Staudinger et al.'s 2015 Integrating Climate Change into Northeast and Midwest State Wildlife Action Plans was an important resource for these reports, including work by Colton Ellison and Stephen Jane. Funding for these reports was provided by Massachusetts Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center. 2 Species Profiles AMPHIBIANS ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Blue-spotted salamander ............................................................................................................................ 9 Eastern spadefoot ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Jefferson’s salamander ............................................................................................................................. 13 Marbled Salamander ................................................................................................................................ 15 Northern leopard frog ............................................................................................................................... 16 BIRDS ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 American bittern....................................................................................................................................... 21 American black duck................................................................................................................................ 22 American Oystercatcher ........................................................................................................................... 23 American woodcock................................................................................................................................. 24 Black-crowned night-heron ...................................................................................................................... 25 Blackpoll warbler ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Blue-winged teal ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Canada warbler......................................................................................................................................... 29 Common Gallinule ................................................................................................................................... 30 Common tern ............................................................................................................................................ 31 Eastern meadowlark ................................................................................................................................. 33 Glossy ibis ................................................................................................................................................ 34 Great egret ................................................................................................................................................ 36 King rail ................................................................................................................................................... 37 3 Least bittern .............................................................................................................................................. 39 Long-tailed Duck ..................................................................................................................................... 40 Louisiana waterthrush .............................................................................................................................. 41 Marsh wren............................................................................................................................................... 42 Northern harrier ........................................................................................................................................ 43 Olive-sided flycatcher .............................................................................................................................. 44 Pied-billed grebe ...................................................................................................................................... 45 Piping plover ............................................................................................................................................ 47 Prairie warbler .......................................................................................................................................... 48 Red knot ................................................................................................................................................... 49 Ruffed grouse ........................................................................................................................................... 50 Rusty Blackbird ........................................................................................................................................ 51 Saltmarsh sparrow .................................................................................................................................... 52 Seaside sparrow ........................................................................................................................................ 53 Sedge wren ............................................................................................................................................... 55 Snowy egret .............................................................................................................................................. 56 Sora .......................................................................................................................................................... 57 Willet ........................................................................................................................................................ 59 Wilson’s snipe .......................................................................................................................................... 61 Wood thrush ............................................................................................................................................. 62 References ................................................................................................................................................ 63 FISH .............................................................................................................................................................. 80 Alewife ..................................................................................................................................................... 80 4 American Brook Lamprey........................................................................................................................ 82 American eel ............................................................................................................................................ 83 American shad .......................................................................................................................................... 84 Atlantic salmon ........................................................................................................................................ 86 Atlantic sturgeon ...................................................................................................................................... 88 Blacknose dace ......................................................................................................................................... 90 Blueback herring ...................................................................................................................................... 91 Bridle shiner ............................................................................................................................................. 93 Brook trout ..............................................................................................................................................