http://www.ejurnal.undana.ac.id/AJES ©AJES-Acad. J. Edu. Sci Kumala/AJES, 2018, 1 (1): 1 – 8 ISSN-2654-5624(O), ISSN-2654-5969(P) AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN THE CROODS MOVIE By Ajeng Fala Intan Kumala (School of Teachers Training and Education, Nusa Cendana University) Abstract: This research is aimed to identify the locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts in the The Croods movie and to analyze the meaning of locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts in the The Croods movie. The method used in collecting the data is qualitative. This study was conducted by collecting any relevant data and information about the topic or problem of the study from books and internet that are available for the analysis. This research used some steps to be collected: watching the movie, making the transcription and identifying the dialogue, after that classifying the actor’s utterances, and finally classifying the meaning of locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts. The result shows that all types of speech act occur in the The Croods movie. In this study, the locutionary act is the actor’s utterances. The illocutionary act that mostly used in The Croods Movie are asking and commanding. The perlocutionary act is often used non- literally perlocutionary act. Keywords: speech act, locutionary act, illocutionary act, perlocutionary act, The Croods movie INTRODUCTION praising if the condition of the house is truly clean and Language is very important in our life, because it can be hooting if the condition of the house is not without language we cannot communicate to each clean. other. In communication, language has an important The perlocutionary act refers to the result or role because with language we can express what is in effects of utterance to the listener, both real and our mind. When we communicate to each other, expected (Sumarsono: 323). For example, “Your house sometimes we do not understand what the speaker is clean”, this sentence brings an effect to the listener meant or the speaker meant is different from what we like happy if the listener get praising and shy or angry if understand. Because of that, there is a study that the listener get hooting from the speaker. enables us to analyze the speaker meant. Therefore it is interesting to study speech act Pragmatics is one of linguistics studies that are because we can know how actually the utterances quite attractive to learn more about. According to Yule reflected into actions. It is also an interesting research (1996: 3), pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning, to analyze the speech act used in movie. Movie is a the study of contextual meaning, the study of how more media that reflects the social life of human. Many gets communicated than is said, and the study of people like watching movie, but not all of them expression of relative distance. There are many aspects understand about the form or the function of language of pragmatics; one of them is dealing with speech acts. that used in the movie. Actually from a movie, we can Speech act was originally by philosopher J. L learn another subject when we watch it like; educational Austin (1955) on his book How to Do Things with value, moral value, the acting of the actor or actress, Words and developed by John R. Searle. Austin defined and about the literary elements in the movie. speech act as what actions we perform when we There are many types of movie now days produce utterances like; giving suggestion, promising, including horror movies, action movies, dramas, and inviting, requesting, forbidding, and so on (Sumarsono: animated movies. Animated movie is a movie which 322). Speech act is utterances that can be classified into shows animated character and funny stories. One of the three aspects i.e. locutionary act, illocutionary act, and most famous animated movies is The Croods, which is perlocutionary act. as an animated movie that was nominated in Oscar The locutionary act is the basic meaning of (Academy Awards, USA) as “Best Animated Feature utterance (Sumarsono: 323). For example, “Your house Film of the Year” in 2014. This movie told about the is clean”, this utterance refers to the condition of the adventure of the croods family (family of cavemen listener house which is clean. living and hunting in prehistoric times) and Guy (a The illocutionary act is performed via the clever and inventive cave boy) to reach the mountain communicative force of an utterance (Yule: 48). For before the world is end. example, “Your house is clean”, this utterance can be a 1 http://www.ejurnal.undana.ac.id/AJES ©AJES-Acad. J. Edu. Sci Kumala/AJES, 2018, 1 (1): 1 – 8 ISSN-2654-5624(O), ISSN-2654-5969(P) The writer chooses The Croods movie as the Speech Act object of this research because this movie is interesting The concept of speech act is one of the most to watch. It has a good animate picture, funny, and not important notions in pragmatics. The term denotes the recommended for the children but also the parents. In sense in which utterances are not mere meaning- this research, the writer conducted a research under the bearers, but rather in a very real sense do things, that is, title: “AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN THE perform actions. Speech act was originally by CROODS MOVIE”. philosopher J. L. Austin (1955) on his book How to Do Things with Words and developed by John R. Searle. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Austin defined speech act as what actions we perform A theory is necessary in conducting a research when we produce utterance. as it is used to make the research clearer. In this According to Yule (1996: 47), “Speech act is a chapter, the writer explains the theories related to the study of how the speakers and hearers use language. research. Those theories are: Speech act is actions that performed via utterances”. In addition Searle et al. (1980) said that “The theory of Pragmatics speech acts starts with assumption that the minimal unit Studying about language would be closely with of human communication is not a sentence or other two branches of language science, semantics and expression, but rather the performance of certain kinds pragmatics. Both of that sciences concern at language of acts, such as making statements, asking questions, but in different side. Semantics refers to the giving orders, describing, explaining, apologizing, construction of meaning language, while pragmatics thanking, congratulating, etc”. refers to meaning construction in specific interactional From the definition above, we can conclude context. that speech act is a statement that contains action as a Pragmatics is the study of relationships functional unity in communications considering between linguistic forms and the users of those forms. situation aspect say. According to Austin (1955: 94), According to Yule (1996: 3), “Pragmatics is the study speech act can be divided into three types: of speaker meaning, the study of contextual meaning, 1. Locutionary Act the study of how more gets communicated than is said, The locutionary act is the utterance of a and the study of expression of relative distance”. This sentence with determinates sense and preference. For type of study necessarily involves the interpretation of example: “It hot here”. This sentence is meant to inform what people mean in a particular context and how the addressee that the condition or the weather of a room is context and how the context influences what are said. hot without any attention to perform an act or to This approach also necessarily explores how listeners influence the addressee. The point of the example can make inferences about what is said in order to above is “I” as subject, “hot” as predicate, and “here” as arrive at an interpretation of the speaker’s intended object. This speech act only expresses language, meaning how great deal of what unsaid is recognized as understanding the intention of the speaker is not part of what is communicated. Leech (1983: 6) said that needed. “Pragmatics is the study of meaning in relation to 2. Illocutionary Act speech act situations”. Crystal defined that “Pragmatics This act is the making of statement, offer, and studies the factors that govern our choice of language in promise, in uttering a sentence by virtue of the social interaction and the effects of our choice on conventional force associated with it (or with its others”. Stalnaker (in Searle et al. 1980) defined explicit performative paraphrase). This act is also called “Pragmatics is the study of linguistic acts and contexts the act of doing something in saying something. For in which they are performed. There are two major types example: “It close to seven o’clock”. This sentence is of problems to be solved within pragmatics: first to utters by a husband to his wife in the morning, his define interesting types of speech act and speech doesn’t only say the words but also remembering his products; second, to characterize the features of speech wife he have to go to his office right now. The context which help determine which preposition is Illocutionary Act is one of Speech Act which helps expressed by a given sentence.” people do something not only saying it. Based on the definition above, we can conclude 3. Perlocutionary Act that pragmatics is the study of the speaker meaning, The perlocutionary act is the effect caused by study of contextual meaning, study of how more gets some utterances that are uttered by the speaker to the communicated than said, and study of the expression of hearer. It can be said that this act is the act of affecting relative distance.