ORAU Team Document Number: ORAUT-TKBS-0008-5 Dose Reconstruction Project for NIOSH Effective Date: 07/20/2006 Technical Basis Document for the Nevada Test Site – Revision No.: 00 PC-1 Occupational Internal Dose Controlled Copy No.: ________ Page 1 of 82 Subject Expert: Eugene M. Rollins Supersedes: Document Owner Approval: Signature on File Date: 09/23/2004 Eugene M. Rollins, TBD Team Leader None Approval: Signature on File Date: 09/22/2004 Judson L. Kenoyer, Task 3 Manager Concurrence: Signature on File Date: 09/22/2004 Richard E. Toohey, Project Director Approval: Signature on File Date: 09/30/2004 James W. Neton, Associate Director for Science TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Record of Issue/Revisions ................................................................................................................... 5 Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 6 5.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 8 5.2 In Vitro Minimum Detectable Activities and Counting Methods ............................................... 12 5.2.1 In Vitro Urine and Fecal Analysis .................................................................................... 13 5.2.2 In Vitro Methods for Individual Radionuclides.................................................................. 13 5.2.2.1 In Vitro Bioassay for Iodine ...................................................................................... 14 5.2.2.2 In Vitro Bioassay for Americium ............................................................................... 15 5.2.2.3 In Vitro Bioassay for Plutonium ................................................................................ 15 5.2.2.4 In Vitro Bioassay for Tritium ..................................................................................... 16 5.2.2.5 In Vitro Bioassay for Uranium .................................................................................. 17 5.2.2.6 In Vitro Analysis for Strontium .................................................................................. 19 5.2.2.7 In Vitro Analysis for Thorium .................................................................................... 19 5.2.2.8 In Vitro Analysis for Radium ..................................................................................... 20 5.2.2.9 In Vitro Gross Fission Product Analysis ................................................................... 20 5.2.2.10 In Vitro Analysis for Gamma Emitters ...................................................................... 22 5.2.3 Correcting for Urinalysis Volume ..................................................................................... 22 5.2.4 Fecal Sample Analysis .................................................................................................... 22 5.3 In Vivo MDAS, Counting Methods, and Reporting Practices .................................................. 23 5.3.1 Whole-Body Counting ..................................................................................................... 24 5.3.2 Chest Counting ............................................................................................................... 28 5.3.3 Thyroid Counting ............................................................................................................ 32 5.3.4 Wound Counting ............................................................................................................. 32 Effective Date: 09/30/2004 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0008-5 Page 2 of 82 5.4 Personal Air Sampling Data ................................................................................................... 32 5.5 Interferences and Uncertainty ................................................................................................ 34 5.5.1 Contamination of Samples .............................................................................................. 34 5.5.2 Uncertainty ..................................................................................................................... 35 5.5.3 Less-Than Values ........................................................................................................... 36 5.5.4 Determination of Worker Exposure ................................................................................. 36 References ........................................................................................................................................ 38 Attachment 5D Occupational Internal Dose for Monitored Workers .................................................. 42 Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 44 5D.1 Occupational Internal Dose .................................................................................................... 46 5D.2 Bioassay Codes and In Vitro Minimum Detectable Activities and Detection Levels ................ 46 5D.2.1 Codes Used in Bioassay Records ................................................................................... 46 5D.2.2 In Vitro Analyses for Individual Radionuclides ................................................................. 49 5D.3 In Vivo MDAS and Reporting Practices at NTS ...................................................................... 53 5D.3.1 Whole-Body Counting ..................................................................................................... 53 5D.3.2 Chest Counting ............................................................................................................... 54 5D.3.3 Thyroid Counts ............................................................................................................... 54 5D.4 Other NTS Information ........................................................................................................... 55 5D.4.1 Radionuclides of Concern and Specific Bioassay Programs for NTS Facilities .......................................................................................................................... 55 5D.4.2 Incidents ......................................................................................................................... 63 5D.4.3 Respiratory Protection Practices at NTS ......................................................................... 69 5D.4.4 Historical Practices and Contamination Levels ................................................................ 70 5D.5 Reference Tables for Determining Internal Dose .................................................................... 72 References ........................................................................................................................................ 77 Glossary ............................................................................................................................................ 80 Effective Date: 09/30/2004 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0008-5 Page 3 of 82 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 5-1 2003 target minimum detectable activities for in vitro bioassay sample analysis ............................................................................................................................... 13 5-2 Relative abundance of various radioiodides ........................................................................ 14 5-3 Minimum detectable activities for the Helgeson shadow shield ........................................... 24 5-4 Frequency (number of workers) of nuclide appearance and concentration in subjects counted before January 1967 ................................................................................ 25 5-5 Frequency (number of workers) of nuclide appearance and concentration in subjects counted from January to August 1967 ................................................................... 25 5-6 Preliminary calibration sources for 1977 through 1981 ........................................................ 26 5-7 Whole-body count sensitivities ............................................................................................ 26 5-8 Examples of whole-body count “alert” levels ....................................................................... 27 5-9 Mean body burdens of 137Cs from fallout in the United States ............................................. 29 5-10 Uranium L X-ray intensity for decay of 239Pu ........................................................................ 30 5-11 Background and efficiency data for 239Pu detection using Phoswich detectors (12-25 keV) ......................................................................................................................... 30 5-12 Background and efficiency data for 241Am detection using phoswich detectors - (40-80 keV) ....................................................................................................................... 31 5-13 Historic air sampling limits ................................................................................................... 35 5D-1 Codes for analyte ................................................................................................................ 46 5D-2 Codes for body parts ........................................................................................................... 47 5D-3 Codes for radionuclides and sample types .........................................................................