Baseline Survey of Peri-Urban Sanitation and Hygiene in Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi, and Porto-Novo, Benin APRIL 2015 About WASHplus The WASHplus project supports healthy households and communities by creating and delivering interventions that lead to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and household air pollution (HAP). This multi-year project (2010- 2016), funded through USAID’s Bureau for Global Health and led by FHI 360 in partnership with CARE and Winrock International, uses at-scale programming approaches to reduce diarrheal diseases and acute respiratory infections, the two top killers of children under age 5 globally. Recommended Citation WASHplus. 2015. Baseline Survey of Peri-Urban Sanitation and Hygiene in Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi, and Porto-Novo, Benin. Washington DC: USAID/WASHplus Project. Acknowledgments WASHplus would like to express our gratitude to Alain Zomadi of Colter Ingenierie, WASHplus M&E Specialist Dr. Orlando Hernandez, and WASHplus Benin Coordinator Armand Aguidi, for the labor involved in designing and carrying out this study. Thanks also to Catherine Bocher of FHI 360 for translating the document from French to English, and to WASHplus Program Officer Sarah Yagoda, for contributing considerably to the production of the document in both languages. Finally, WASHplus would like to acknowledge and thank the tireless enumerators and patient residents that participated in the study. Contact Information WASHplus FHI 360 COLTER Ingénierie-Conseils 1825 Connecticut Ave NW 01 BP 5835 Cotonou/BENIN Washington, DC 20009 Tel: +229 – 21 00 79 43 202.884.8000 Email: [email protected] www.WASHplus.org [email protected] This study is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Global Health under terms of Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00040. The contents are the responsibility of FHI 360, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Survey Objectives .................................................................................................................. 2 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 2 Main Results of the Study… ................................................................................................. 11 Housing and Family Characteristics of Surveyed Households ............................................ 11 Distribution of Households by Municipality .................................................................... 11 Housing ............................................................................................................................ 12 Level of Education ........................................................................................................... 12 Property Ownership of Respondents ................................................................................ 13 Occupational Status of Heads of Households and Respondents ...................................... 13 Assets Owned by Households .......................................................................................... 14 Level of Economic Well-Being ........................................................................................ 15 Household Drinking Water Supply ...................................................................................... 16 Sources of Water Supply .................................................................................................. 16 Knowledge of Methods of Water Treatment at Home ..................................................... 18 Water Treatment at Home ................................................................................................ 19 Storage of Drinking Water in Homes ............................................................................... 22 Household Hygiene .............................................................................................................. 23 Sanitation in Households ...................................................................................................... 28 Management of Feces ....................................................................................................... 28 Availability of Toilets in Households .............................................................................. 30 Principal Reasons to Build or Not to Build Toilets .......................................................... 31 Observation of Household Toilets ....................................................................................... 35 Condition of Toilets ......................................................................................................... 35 Psycho-Social Determinants of Latrine Ownership ............................................................. 36 Summary Table of Survey Indicators .................................................................................. 38 Exposure to Information Messages on Hygiene and Sanitation Practices ........................... 42 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 44 Endnotes ............................................................................................................................... 45 Annex 1 – Population from Sampled Districts .................................................................. 46 List of Tables Table 1: Distribution of EA, sub-EA, and households surveyed by municipality, borough, and district......................................................................................................................................... 3 Table 2: List of stakeholders contacted to inform them of the study ......................................... 4 Table 3: Assets used for the construction of the socio-economic index .................................... 9 Table 4: Distribution of respondents by municipality .............................................................. 11 Table 5: Relationship between the respondent and the head of household .............................. 11 Table 6: Distribution of respondents according to their level of education and gender .......... 12 Table 7: Socio-professional status of the head of household reported by the women surveyed .................................................................................................................................................. 13 Table 8: Distribution of respondents according to their socio-professional profile ................. 13 Table 9: Assets owned by households ...................................................................................... 14 Table 10: Distribution of households by district according to their level of socio-economic welfare ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Table 11: Proportional distribution of drinking water sources by municipality ...................... 17 Table 12: Water treatment in households according to principal source of drinking water for the household............................................................................................................................ 18 Table 13: Relationship between the source of drinking water and its treatment at home ........ 20 Table 14: Relationship between knowledge of Aquatabs and treatment of water at home ..... 22 Table 15: Circumstances of rinsing (simple wash) or washing hands (wash with soap) in households according to respondents’ own statements ............................................................ 24 Table 16: Percentage distribution of hand washing stations in several locations in the house and supplies observed by location (N=856) ............................................................................. 26 Table 17: Key moments of the day to wash hands ................................................................... 27 Table 18: Factors motivating hand washing in households ..................................................... 27 Table 19: Distribution of households according to the person responsible for installing latrines and the title of ownership of the house .................................................................................... 30 Table 20: Household opinions on latrine ownership ................................................................ 37 Table 21: Key indicators by household socio-economic level ................................................. 38 Table 22: Presentation of key indicators by municipality ........................................................ 39 Table 23: Presentation of indicators by municipality and household socio-economic levels .. 40 List of Figures Figure 1: Distribution of households by source of water supply ............................................. 17 Figure 2: Distribution of respondents according to their knowledge of methods to treat drinking water .......................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 3: Distribution of households according to methods of household water treatment .... 20 Figure 4: Distribution of households