NUMBER 32 2010 GAJAHJournal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group GAJAH Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group Number 32 (2010) The journal is intended as a medium of communication on issues that concern the management and conservation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) both in the wild and in captivity. It is a means by which members of the AsESG and others can communicate their experiences, ideas and perceptions freely, so that the conservation of Asian elephants can benefit. All articles published in Gajah reflect the individual views of the authors and not necessarily that of the editorial board or the AsESG. Editor Jayantha Jayewardene Biodiversity and Elephant Conservation Trust 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Sri Lanka [email protected] Editorial Board Dr. Richard Barnes Dr. Prithiviraj Fernando Ecology, Behavior & Evolution Section Centre for Conservation and Research Division of Biological Sciences MC-0116 35 Gunasekara Gardens University of California at San Diego Nawala Road La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 Rajagiriya USA Sri Lanka e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Jennifer Pastorini Heidi Riddle Centre for Conservation and Research Riddles Elephant & Wildlife Sanctuary 35 Gunasekara Gardens P.O.Box 715 Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Greenbrier, Arkansas 72058 Sri Lanka USA e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Alex Rübel Arnold Sitompul Direktor Zoo Zürich Conservation Science Initiative Zürichbergstrasse 221 Jl. Setia Budi Pasar 2 CH - 8044 Zürich Komp. Insan Cita Griya Blok CC No 5 Switzerland Medan, 20131 e-mail: [email protected] Indonesia e-mail:[email protected] GAJAH Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group GAJAH Number 32 (2010) The journal is intended as a medium of communication on issues that concern the management and conservation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) both in the wild and in captivity. It is a means by which members of the AsESG and others can communicate their experiences, ideas and perceptions Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group freely, so that the conservation of Asian elephants can benefit. All articles published in Gajah reflect Number 32 (2010) the individual views of the authors and not necessarily that of the editorial board or the AsESG. Editor Jayantha Jayewardene Biodiversity and Elephant Conservation Trust 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Sri Lanka [email protected] Editorial Board Dr. Richard Barnes Dr. Prithiviraj Fernando Ecology, Behavior & Evolution Section Centre for Conservation and Research Division of Biological Sciences MC-0116 35 Gunasekara Gardens University of California at San Diego Nawala Road La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 Rajagiriya USA Sri Lanka e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Jennifer Pastorini Heidi Riddle Centre for Conservation and Research Riddles Elephant & Wildlife Sanctuary 35 Gunasekara Gardens P.O.Box 715 This publication of Gajah was financed by the Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Greenbrier, Arkansas 72058 International Elephant Foundation Sri Lanka USA e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Alex Rübel Arnold Sitompul Direktor Zoo Zürich Conservation Science Initiative Zürichbergstrasse 221 Jl. Setia Budi Pasar 2 CH - 8044 Zürich Komp. Insan Cita Griya Blok CC No 5 Switzerland Medan, 20131 e-mail: [email protected] Indonesia e-mail:[email protected] Editorial Note Articles published in Gajah may be used, distributed and reproduced in any medium, provided the article is properly cited. Gajah will be published as both a hard copy and an on-line version accessible from the AsESG web site (www.asesg.org/gajah.htm). If you would like to be informed when a new issue comes out, please provide your e-mail address. If you would like to have a hardcopy, please send a request with your name and postal address by e-mail to <[email protected]> or to: Jayantha Jayewardene 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Sri Lanka Cover: The mud pack - Hambantota, southern Sri Lanka Photo by Prithiviraj Fernando Layout and formatting by Dr. Jennifer Pastorini Printed at Melios (Pvt) Ltd. Instructions for Contributors Gajah welcomes articles on all aspects of Asian elephants, of interest to those involved in conserva- tion, management and research on Asian elephants and the general public. Articles may include but are not limited to research findings, opinions, commentaries, anecdotal accounts and book reviews. Readers are encouraged to submit comments, opinions and criticisms of articles published in Gajah. Such correspondence should be a maximum of 300 words, and will be edited and published at the discretion of the editorial board. Manuscripts with a maximum of 5000 words are accepted for the “full paper” section. These manu- scripts may be sent to reviewers outside of the Editorial Board of Gajah. Such peer reviewed papers will be identified in the journal by means of a footer that reads “peer reviewed paper”. Manuscripts with a maximum of 2000 words are accepted for the “short paper” section. These manuscripts are re- viewed by the Editorial Board of Gajah. Such editor reviewed papers will be identified in the journal by means of a footer that reads “editor reviewed paper”. Tables and figures should be kept to a minimum. Each needs to be on a separate page at the end of the manuscript. Legends should be typed separately (not incorporated into the figure). Use of black and white figures is encouraged to facilitate reproduction. Refer to figures and tables in the text as (Fig. 2) and (Table 4). Include tables and line drawings in the MS WORD document you submit. Photographs, maps etc. should be submitted as extra files in JPEG or TIFF format. References should be indicated in the text by the surnames(s) of the author(s) with the year of pub- lication as in the example below: (Baskaran & Desai 1996; Rajapaksha et al. 2004) If the name forms part of the text, it may be cited as in the following example: Sukumar (1989) demonstrated that... Avoid if possible, citing references which are hard to access (e.g. reports, unpublished theses). Format citations in the ‘References’ section as in the following examples, writing out journal titles in full. Baskaran, N. & Desai, A.A. (1996) Ranging behavior of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in the Nilgiri biosphere reserve, South India. Gajah 15: 41-57. Olivier, R.C.D. (1978) On the Ecology of the Asian Elephant. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cam- bridge, Cambridge, UK. Rajapaksha, R.C., Mendis, G.U.S.P. & Wijesinghe, C.G. (2004) Management of Pinnawela el- ephants in musth period. In: Endangered Elephants, Past Present and Future. Jayewardene, J. (ed.) Biodiversity & Elephant Conservation Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka. pp 182-183. Sukumar, R. (1989) The Asian Elephant: Ecology and Management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Manuscripts should be submitted by e-mail to the editor <[email protected]>. If unable to do so, a hard copy can be sent to: Jayantha Jayewardene, 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens, Nawala Road, Raja- giriya, Sri Lanka. Deadline for submission of manuscripts for the next issue of Gajah is 31. October 2010. NUMBER 32 2010 Instructions for Contributors Gajah welcomes articles on all aspects of Asian elephants, of interest to those involved in conserva- tion, management and research on Asian elephants and the general public. Articles may include but are not limited to research findings, opinions, commentaries, anecdotal accounts and book reviews. Readers are encouraged to submit comments, opinions and criticisms of articles published in Gajah. GAJAHJournal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group Such correspondence should be a maximum of 300 words, and will be edited and published at the discretion of the editorial board. Contents Gajah 32 (2010) Manuscripts with a maximum of 5000 words are accepted for the “full paper” section. These manu- scripts may be sent to reviewers outside of the Editorial Board of Gajah. Such peer reviewed papers Editorial 1-2 will be identified in the journal by means of a footer that reads “peer reviewed paper”. Manuscripts Prithiviraj Fernando with a maximum of 2000 words are accepted for the “short paper” section. These manuscripts are re- viewed by the Editorial Board of Gajah. Such editor reviewed papers will be identified in the journal Notes from the Co-chairs IUCN/SSC Asian Elephant Specialist Group 3-5 by means of a footer that reads “editor reviewed paper”. Ajay A. Desai and Simon Hedges Status of the Asian Elephant Population in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India 6-13 Tables and figures should be kept to a minimum. Each needs to be on a separate page at the end of N. Baskaran, A. Udhayan and Ajay A. Desai the manuscript. Legends should be typed separately (not incorporated into the figure). Use of black and white figures is encouraged to facilitate reproduction. Refer to figures and tables in the text as Human-Elephant Conflict—What Can We Learn from the News? 14-20 (Fig. 2) and (Table 4). Include tables and line drawings in the MS WORD document you submit. S. Doyle, M. Groo, C. Sampson, M. Songer, M. Jones and P. Leimgruber Photographs, maps etc. should be submitted as extra files in JPEG or TIFF format. The Veterinary Care of Domesticated Elephants in Laos by a Mobile Veterinary Unit 21-26 Florence Labatut and Ingrid Suter References should be indicated in the text by the surnames(s) of the author(s) with the year of pub- lication as in the example below: Group Size and Age-Sex Composition of Asian Elephant and Gaur in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Southern India 27-34 (Baskaran & Desai 1996; Rajapaksha et al. 2004) M. Ashokkumar. R. Nagarajan and Ajay A. Desai If the name forms part of the text, it may be cited as in the following example: Estimating Asian Elephant Population in Dindugul, Kodaikanal and Theni Forest Divisions, 35-39 Sukumar (1989) demonstrated that..