READINESS AND TRAINING NAVAL EXPEDITIORNARY COMBAT COMMAND STANDARD ANWSERS BOOK (June 17, 2008) FOR Tactical Craft Operations PQS NAVEDTRA XXXXX-XXX NOTICE Pages 1, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 102, 103, 104 105, 106, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 173, 221, 222, 223, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 247, 253, 254, 261, 346, 349, 363 must be printed in COLOR. DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTED: This Publication contains technical or operational information that is for official Government use only. Distribution of this workbook is limited to US Government agencies only. Page intentionally left blank 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 101 Safety...………….………………………………………………………………………….…6 102 Basic Damage Control…..…………...............................................................….....…...18 103 First Aid.............................…...........................................................................……….. 28 104 Life Saving and Survival Systems………………………………………………………..…62 105 Crewman Fundamentals………………………...………………………………………..…75 106 Seamanship…………..……………………………………………………………………….120 107 Launch and Recovery…………..……………………………………………………………130 108 Anchoring…………………..………………………………………………………………….141 109 Towing………………………………..……………………………………………………..…144 110 Mission and Organization…………...............................…...............…......…..…………159 111 Surface engagement with weapons …………..……………………………...……………178 112 Mission Planning ……………………………………………………………………………..188 113 Navigation Rules……………………………………………………………………………...204 114 Navigation Fundamentals………………………………………………………………… 211 115 Communication Fundamentals………………………...…………………..…………….….254 116 Boat Etiquette……………………………………………………………………………….…270 117 Boat Handling …………………………………………………………………........................ 276 118 Boat Patrol Operations………………………….…………………………………………… 307 119 Engagement Tactics…………………………… ………………………………………… ...... 334 120 Reconnaissance and Intelligence...................................................................………… 372 3 Page intentionally left blank 4 Although the words “he”, “him,” and “his” are used sparingly in this manual to enhance communication, they are not intended to be gender driven nor to affront or discriminate against anyone reading this material. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Standard Answers Book Author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the following personnel in writing this book: MACS HEWITT EXPTRACOM, Little Creek, VA HMC RANDALL MESRON9, Everett, WA ITC POPE MESRON9, Everett, WA ENC RIDDER USS RODNEY M. DAVIS (FFG 60), Everett, WA BM1 SUGDEN MESG-1, San Diego, CA Standard Answers Book Development Group personnel who provided direct support for this book: BM2 SHADWICK MEREXBOATDET 931, Portland, OR 5 101 Safety References: [a] NSTM S9086-TX-STM-010/CH-583 (Series), Boats and Small Craft [b] OPNAVINST 3500.39B (Series), Operational Risk Management [c] OPNAVINST 5100.19 (Series) Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program [d] NAVEDTRA 14343, Boatswain’s Mate [e] Manufacturers Technical Manual [f ] USCG COMDTINST M16114.5B, Boat Crew Seamanship Manual [g] Craft Specific Boat Information Book [h] Unit Standard Operating Procedures 101.1 Discuss the concept of ORM. [Ref. b, encl. 1 Pg. 2] A decision making tool used by people at all levels to increase operational effectiveness by anticipating hazards and reducing the potential for loss, thereby increasing the probability of a successful mission. Increases our ability to make informed decisions. Minimize risks to acceptable levels. The amount of risk we will take in war is much greater than that we should be willing to take in peace, but the process is the same. Applying the ORM process will reduce mishaps, lower costs, and provide for more efficient use of resources. ORM is a group effort that will involve input from all personnel involved in the task. 101.2 Explain the following processes as they apply to ORM: [Ref. b, encl 1] Identify hazards: Begin with an outline or chart of the major steps in the operation. Next, list all the hazards associated with each step in the operation. Assess hazards: For each hazard identified, determine the associated degree of risk in terms of probability and severity. Make risk decisions: First, develop risk control options. Start with the most serious risk first and select controls that will reduce that risk to a minimum consistent with mission accomplishment. Decide if the benefit of the operation outweighs the risk. Implement controls: Measures that can be used to eliminate hazards or reduce the degree of risk. Listed by order of preference: Administrative Controls, Engineering Controls, Personal Protective Equipment. Supervise: Conduct follow-up evaluations of the controls to ensure they remain in place and have the desired effect. Monitor for changes which may require further ORM. Take corrective action when necessary. 6 101.3 Discuss how the following affect safety: a. Failing to secure for unexpected movement: Unsecured objects may become missile hazards b. Operating vessel without proper authority and qualification: Lack of safety knowledge and seaworthiness may cause personnel injury or death c. Operating at unsafe speed: Increases risk of collision and persons falling overboard d. Removing or making safety devices inoperable: Can cause personnel injury or further injure persons e. Using defective tools or equipment: May cause personal injury and damage other equipment f. Unsafe use of tools: Personal injury and damage equipment g. Working on moving, energized, or otherwise hazardous equipment: Personal injury, never work on energized equipment alone and without CO’s approval h. Skylarking: Be attentive of your surroundings. Lack of attention may cause injury or death. i. Failing to wear PPE : “last line of defense”. May be the only means of protection. j. Posting a bow lookout: Avoid collisions with other vessels and hazards to navigation. k. Bad weather: Increases risk of missile hazards, snap back, MOB, exposure (hot or cold), reduced visibility. l. Frayed or worn lines: Snap back. m. Improper line handling: Personal injury such as loss of limbs or fingers, snapback, MOB. 101.4 Discuss the safety precautions to be observed during boat operations in regard to weather, sea conditions, and hazards to navigation. [Ref. c, Ch. C4 Pg. 418] Weather. Use navigation lights during periods of reduced visibility. Post additional lookouts and stand a more vigilant watch (radar) during periods of reduced visibility. Inform TACON of reduced visibility. Ensure crew is well rested and fatigue is not a factor. Wear rain gear/gortex. Sea Conditions: In choppy sea reduce the amount of personnel that are onboard if possible. Hazards to Navigation: Slow down and post the proper lookouts as per the COLREGS. Boat Operations. Ensure that only qualified (Class II or above) swimmers are assigned as boat crew members. Do not carry passengers, store, or baggage on the top sides of the boat. Know and obey the “Rules of the Road.” 7 Always post a bow lookout. DO NOT cut close to ships anchored or tied up or pass close around the corner of a pier. Coxswains must run slowly until there is no danger of collision with any boat or vessel that may be obscured. Boats should turn away from ships and seaplanes early and radically or show clearly their intentions. In choppy seas reduce boat capacity Always display proper lights while underway at night Ensure you carry proper fog signaling equipment Ensure boat crewmembers wear authorized life jackets under adverse weather conditions, including reduced visibility Never allow number of personnel on boat exceed number of life jackets 101.5 State the safety precautions to be observed when working on or around machinery. [Ref. c, Ch. C13 Pg. 462] Never place any body part into moving machinery Never attempt to ride machinery that is not designed for transport Do not wear jewelry, neckties, or loose fitting clothing Wear proper protective clothing and equipment suited to the operation being performed Do not wear polyester or other synthetic clothing when operating fuel fired equipment When working in the vicinity of electrical equipment or electrical cables, be alert to the presence of dangerous voltages and avoid striking such with tools of any kind. Compressed air may be used to clean machinery parts that have been properly disassembled provided that the supply air pressure does not exceed 30psi. Wear safety goggles when using compressed air for cleaning. Promptly reinstall shaft guards, coupling guards, deck plates, handrails, flange shields, and other protective devices removed as interference immediately after completion of maintenance on machinery or other system components. Do not use low pressure air to unclog flammable fluid piping systems unless a specific directive or approved procedure requires it use. 101.6 State the requirements for wearing approved flotation devices aboard the Patrol Craft. [Ref. f, Ch. 6 Section A Pg. 76] Each and every person aboard an MESF craft MUST wear an approved flotation device (crew and passengers). It is the responsibility of the coxswain to ensure that an adequate number of flotation devices are aboard their craft. 8 101.7 State the purpose and use of the emergency shutdown/kill switch. [Ref. e] The over all concept of the shutdown/kill switch is that it is the most immediate way to stop the patrol crafts engines. Each platform differs in the position of the shutdown/kill switch; review the craft manufacturer’s technical manual for specific details on the shutdown/kill switch. 101.8 Discuss the following