What are the differences between Leukemia and Lymphoma Table of Contents • Introduction • Blood Cell Lineages – Lymphoid –Myeloid • 4 Main types of Leukemia • Lymphoma – Hodgkins vs. Non-Hodgkins Hematopoiesis Myeloid Lymphoid • Origin- Bone Marrow • Origin-Bone Marrow • Granulocytes • Lymphocytes • White blood cells •T-Cells – Neutrophil – Mature through thymus – Eosinophil “teaching” – Macrophages – Cell Mediated Immunity – Basophils •B-Cells – Megakaryocyte – Mature in the Bone Marrow • Red Blood cells – Humoral immune response Chronic vs. Acute • Acute – Symptoms appear and worsen rapidly over time • Increase in Blast cells Non-functional • Chronic – Symptoms develop and worsen over an extended period of time (usually) • Later stage stem cell differentiation •Both – White Blood cells Red Blood cells (Leads to Anemia) Platelets (Bruising/Hemorrhages) AML and CML • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia • Most common type of • Slow growing cancer of white Leukemia blood cells • Fast growing cancer of the •3 Phases blood and bone marrow – Chronic • Characterized by – Accelerated – Leukemia cells in the Bone – Blast Phase (Sometimes Marrow referred to as ALL) – Blast cells- increased • Characterized by proliferation – Too many white blood cells – Philadelphia chromosome • t(9;22) • bcr/abl gene • Makes tyrosine kinase ALL and CLL • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia • Greatest risk for ALL is in the • Risk associated with CLL first 5 years of life increases rapidly after age 40. • Fast growing cancer of the – 90% Diagnosed over 50 blood and bone marrow • Can be a very stable disease, • Characterized by some may not received treatment – Uncontrollable and directly after the diagnosis exaggerated growth of • Characterized by lymphoblasts – Staging system (Rai or Binet) • Also non-functional • # of lymphocytes in blood and – Blockade of normal marrow marrow cells • Spleen size • Lymph node distribution Lymphomas • A type of Cancer that begins with a malignant change in a lymphocyte, lymph node cell or lymphatic tissue of the marrow. • Two Main categories – Hodgkins • 12% of Lymphoma • One of the most curable • Presence of Reed-Sternberg cell – Distinctive B-lymphocytes – Non-Hodkins • Majority of lymphoma cases – 14 types of B-cell – Other types are T-cell and NK cell • Spreads through the lymphatic system in a less orderly way Conclusion • Both Lymphocytic Leukemia and Lymphoma are the result of a malignant transformation of a cell destined to be a lymphocyte. – Distinction(s) • The disease started from a lymphocytic cell in a lymph node or other part of the Lymphatic System (LS) – Lymphoma • The disease started from a lymphocytic cell in Bone marrow (BM) –Leukemia – In either case, the malignant cells can migrate from their source (BM or LS) and be found in the other. Conclusion cont. • Reporting concerns for Forms Net 2.0 – AML from MDS or MPS • Complete entire MDS section on Disease Classification and also complete entire AML section – B cell/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma is reported under CLL – CML in Blast Crisis is sometimes referred to as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia • This is not the case and the disease still should be reported as CML • Generally the Pre-TED follows World Health Organization (W.H.O.) classifications. SAMPLE SAMPLE SAMPLE.