קריאה מלווה : קלרק, קנט,ציביליזציה. פרק 11: פולחן הטבע. 5 הזרמים האומנותיים העיקריים 1780-1900 1 ניאוקלסיציזם Neoclassicism 2 רומנטיציזם Romanticism 3 ריאליזם Realism 4 אימפרסיוניזם Impressionism 5 פוסט-אימפרסיוניזם Post-Impressionism Around 1800, Romanticism emerged as a reaction against Neoclassicism. It did not really replace the Neoclassical style so much as act as a counterbalancing influence, and many artists were influenced by both styles. ROCOCO 1715-1780 NEOCLASSICISM 1780s-1840 ROMANTICISM 1800s-1850s Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840) William Turner (1775-1851) John Constable (1776-1837) Francisco GOYA (1746-1828) Theodore Gericault (1791-1824) Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) מי אמר שאומנות המאה התשע-עשרה זה נושא פשוט?? רומנטיקה זה נושא די מורכב ומסובך... הנה זה בא... רומנטיקה גרמנית רומנטיקה אנגלית רומנטיקה ספרדית לפי המקום רומנטיקה צרפתית רומנטיקה נטורליסטית רומנטיקה פולקלוריסטית רומנטיקה נאוקלאסית לפי התוכן רומנטיקה ריאליסטית רומנטיקה שחורה Johan Christian Claussen DAHL Outbreak of the Vesuvius 1826 128 × 172 cm Jacques-Louis DAVID The Oath of Horatii 1784 330x425 cm Johan Christian Claussen DAHL Outbreak of the Vesuvius 1826 רומנטיקה גרמנית Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified late 18th-century Neoclassicism. Romanticism was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental. Caspar David FRIEDRICH Wanderer above a Sea of Mists 1818 oil on canvas 74.8 x 94.8 cm. Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg Georg Friedrich Kersting Caspar David Friedrich in his Studio 1812 oil on canvas, 51 x 40 cm Nationalgalerie, Berlin צריך chiaroscuro! מהר, ילדיי, דפדפו בפלוטרכוס! Georg Friedrich Kersting Caspar David Friedrich in his Studio 1812 oil on canvas, 51 x 40 cm Nationalgalerie, Berlin Caspar David FRIEDRICH Bord de mer au clair de lune 1818 שפת הים בליל ירח oil on canvas 22 x 30 cm. Louvre, Paris DAVID Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I and Coronation of the Empress Josephine in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris on 2 December 1804 1808 ]הכתרת ג'וזפין[ oil on canvas 621 x 979 cm 621 cm 385 cm Caspar David FRIEDRICH Bord de mer au clair de lune 1818 שפת הים בליל ירח oil on canvas 22 x 30 cm. Louvre, Paris Caspar David FRIEDRICH The Tree of Crows 1822 oil on canvas 54 x 71 cm. Louvre, Paris Caspar David FRIEDRICH Winter Landscape with Church 1811 oil on canvas 33× 45 cm. Museum of Art and Culture History, Dortmund Caspar David FRIEDRICH The Cross in the Mountains 1811-12 oil on canvas 44.5×37.4 cm. Museum of Art, Düsserldorf Caspar David FRIEDRICH The Abbey in the Oak Wood c. 1809 oil on canvas 110.4×171 cm. National Gallery Berlin Caspar David FRIEDRICH Woman at the Window c. 1822 oil on canvas 44×37 cm. National Gallery Berlin Caspar David FRIEDRICH Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon late 1820s oil on canvas 34 x 44 cm National Gallery Berlin Caspar David FRIEDRICH Evening Landscape with Two Men 1830 - 1835 oil on canvas 25 x 31 cm Hermitage Museum, San Petersburg Caspar David FRIEDRICH The Sea of Ice (The Wreck of the Hope) 1824 oil on canvas 96.7 x 126.9 cm Kunsthalle, Hamburg "The painter should paint not only what he has in front of him, but also what he sees inside himself. If he sees nothing within, then he should stop painting what is in front of him ". חמשת הג'אנרים באקדמיה: 1. הג'אנר ה"גדול": ציור היסטורי, דתי או מיתולוגי 2. הדיוקן: תיאור אמין ומדויק ביותר של אדם חי 3. ציורי "ג'אנר": ציור המתאר את חיי היום-יום 4. ציורי נוף ?! ) בגלל הספוג של בוטיצ'לי...( 5. טבע דומם: אומנות נשים... לימוד עצמי: רומנטיקה אנגלית John CONSTABLE (1776-1837) William TURNER (1775-1851) John CONSTABLE Boat Building at Flatford 1815 Oil on canvas William TURNER Rain, Steam and Speed 1844 Oil on canvas 90.8 x 121.9 cm National Gallery, London רומנטיקה נטורליסטית אנציקלופדיה לאמנות הציור והפיסול. כתר. כרך 3: אופקים חדשים. רומנטיקה אנגלית: קונסטבל ו-טרנר. ציור הנוף בין נטורלזים להפשטה. Johan Christian Claussen DAHL Outbreak of the Vesuvius 1826 Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840) • William Turner (1775-1851) • John Constable (1776-1837) Francisco GOYA (1746-1828) Jacques-Louis David(1748-1825) Theodore Gericault (1791-1824) Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) רומנטיקה ספרדית פרנסיסקו דה גויה, אומן גאוני ורב פעלים, עבד בסגנונות ה-רוקוקו, נאוקלסיקה, רומנטיקה, וכמו כן היה מבשר ה-ריאליזם והאקספרסיוניזם. Francisco de Goya The Marquesa de Pontejos c. 1786. oil on canvas, 211 x 126 cm. The National Gallery of Art, Washington Charles III in Hunting Costume c. 1786-88 oil on canvas 206 x 130 cm. Duchess of Arco, Madrid במדריד גויה נחשף לרעיונות תנועת ההשכלה ENLIGHTENMENT Human reason should be used to build a better world. Principal targets were religion (the Catholic Church) and the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy. RELIGION POLITICS Francisco de Goya Blind's Man Bluff 1788 oil on canvas 41x44 cm Museo del Prado, Madrid תנועת ההשכלה התנגדה לחוסר האחריות והילדותיות של מרבית אצולת אירופה... גויה נחשף לרעיונות תנועת ההשכלה ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICS Human reason should be used to build a better world. The Count of Floridablanca and Goya 1783 oil on canvas 262 x 166 cm. Banco Urquijo, Madrid DAVID Napoleon in His Study 1812 oil on canvas 204 x 125 cm The National Gallery of Art, Washington. Francisco de Goya Duke of Alba 1793 oil on canvas 195 x 126 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid Around 1800, Romanticism emerged as a reaction against Neoclassicism. It did not really replace the Neoclassical style so much as act as a counterbalancing influence, and many artists were influenced by both styles. ROCOCO 1715-1780 NEOCLASSICISM 1780s-1840 ROMANTICISM 1800s-1850s Charles IV and His Family c. 1800 oil on canvas Museo del Prado, Madrid Goya and the future Fernando VII Manuel Godoy, Duke of Alcudia, "Prince of the Peace" 1801 oil on canvas Royal Academy of San Fernando, Madrid The Death of Socrates Detail The Straw Manikin (El Pelele) 1791-92 oil on canvas Museo del Prado, Madrid Francisco de Goya Duke of Alba 1793 oil on canvas 195 x 126 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid Portrait of the Duchess of Alba 1795 oil on canvas 194 x 130 cm. Duke of Alba, Madrid Portrait of the Duchess of Alba 1797 oil on canvas The Hispanic Society of America, New York Portrait of the Duchess of Alba 1797 oil on canvas The Hispanic Society of America, New York GOYA The Clothed Maja (La Maja Vestida) 1800-03 Oil on canvas Museo del Prado, Madrid The Clothed Maja Detail The Nude Maja (La Maja Desnuda). c. 1799-1800. Oil on canvas. Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain The Nude Maja Detail The Bookseller's Wife c. 1805-08 oil on canvas,109.9 x 78.2 cm. The National Gallery of Art, Washington Girl with a Jug (Aguadora) oil on canvas 68 x 50.5 cm. Szepmuveseti Muzeum, Budapest Desastre de la Guerra, 28; Populacho (Mob) c.1810-1811. Etching and aquatint Desastre de la Guerra, 39; Grande Bazana! Con Muertos! c.1810-1811. Etching and aquatint The Colossus c. 1810-12 oil on canvas, 116 x 105 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid The Second of May 1808 at the Puerta del Sol 1814 oil on canvas 266 x 345 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid The Intervention of the Sabine Women 1799 oil on canvas 385 x 522 cm. Louvre, Paris The 3rd of May 1808 in Madrid: The Executions on Principe Pio Hill, 1814 oil on canvas 268 x 347 cm , Museo del Prado, Madrid Goya’s etchings a total of 211 prints Los Caprichos 1796-97 (80) La Tauromaquia 1815-16 (33) Los Disparates 1815-1824 (22) Los Desastres de la Guerra 1810-1820 (82) תנועת ההשכלה ENLIGHTENMENT RELIGION or SUPERSTITION? Human reason should be used to build a better world. St. Francis Borgia Exorcizing 1788 oil on canvas Private collection Don Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zunica c. 1792. oil on canvas Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters 1799 (El sueño de la razón produce monstruos) From the series Los Caprichos, plate 43. Etching and aquatint. 21.6 x 15.2 cm. Henry FUSELI The Nightmare 1781 75.5 x 64 cm Goethe Museum Frankfurt Disparate Desordenado or Disparate Matrimonial. c.1815-1824. Etching and aqatint, 24.5 x 35 cm Disparate 10: Disparate Desenfrenado (Unbridled Foolishness) c.1815-1824. Etching and aquatint, 24.5 x 35 cm Francisco Goya The Pilgrimage of San Isidro 1820-1821 (one of the "black paintings" from the Quinta del Sordo) La Quinta del Sordo Saturn Devouring One of His Chidren c. 1820-23 oil on canvas, 146 x 83 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid this is one of 14 paintings in a series known as the Black Paintings http://www.artchive.com/galleries/goya/notes.html רומנטיקה צרפתית Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840) William Turner (1775-1851)* John Constable (1776-1837)* Francisco GOYA (1746-1828) Theodore Gericault (1791-1824) Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)* [Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)] צריכים chiaroscuro! מהר, ילדיי, דפדפו בפלוטרכוס! Around 1800, Romanticism emerged as a reaction against Neoclassicism. It did not really replace the Neoclassical style so much as act as a counterbalancing influence, and many artists were influenced by both styles. ROCOCO 1715-1780 NEOCLASSICISM 1780s-1840 ROMANTICISM 1800s-1850s Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840) William Turner (1775-1851)* John Constable (1776-1837) Francisco GOYA (1746-1828) Theodore Gericault (1791-1824) Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)* [Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)] אסכולת דוד אסכולת דוד - התלמידים העיקריים: Gros Gerard Broc Girodet-Trioson Ingres Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780-1867) Self-Portrait at the Age of 24 1804 oil on canvas Musée Condé, Chantilly J.A.D.