, 3rd Syrphidae Symposium Presentation given at the nd to 5th September, 2005 Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 Where are we Now SystematicsAn Overview of Flower of fliesthe Systematic Entomology Lab., USDA F. Christian Thompson 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 1 Washington, D. C. : 2 September 2005 • 3 Subfamilies • 14 Tribes •Numbers • 11 Subtribes Syrphidae • How we got in thisWhere Mess are we Now? • 292 Genera and subgenera •189 Genera • What– Awe short can history learn fromof Syrphidae the Past Classification • 5,845 Species • 8,807 Name records – Words of Wisdom for Today 2 September 2005– Per Overview BioSystematic of flower fly Systematics Database of Diptera 3 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 2 • Version 7.5 release date 15 September 2005 4000 3500 200 3000 180 2500 , 160 140 2000 rd Names 120 1500 Syrphidae Symposium Names = Palearctic 3 th Years100 1000 nd 80 Presentation given at the September, 2005 Names = Palaearctic 500 to 5 60 40 0 20 Leiden,1758 The Netherlands, 2 1775 0 2 September 17820058 Overview of flower fly Systematics 5 2,041 species 1797 1758 1807 1775 1822 2 September178 20058 Overview of flower fly Systematics 4 1832 1797 1839 1807 1846 1822 1853 1832 1860 1839 1867 1846 1876 1853 1885 1860 1893 1867 1900 1876 Years 1908 1885 1915 1893 1923 1900 1930 Names 1908 1937 1915 1944 1923 Series1 1952 160 1930 1959 1937 1966 1944 140 1973 1952 Series1 1980 1959 1987 120 1966 1994 1973 2001 100 1980 1987 1994 Names80 2001 60 Names = New World 40 20 0 1758 2,242 species 1775 2 September179 20050 Overview of flower fly Systematics 6 1804 1823 1834 1842 1848 1855 1863 1869 1877 1884 1892 1898 1904 Years1912 1918 1924 1930 1936 1942 1948 Series1 1954 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2005 1 , 3rd Syrphidae Symposium Presentation given at the nd to 5th September, 2005 Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 Names = New World 4000 Gunilla’s 3500 Questions: 3000 2500 How did we 2000 Series1 get into this Names mess? 1500 1000 Explain your 500 classification? 0 4 5 4 8 4 6 5 04 42 12 42 54 90 99 823 863 869 877 930 948 962 1758 1775 1790 18 1 183 18 1848 185 1 1 1 1884 1892 1898 190 19 191 192 1 193 19 1 19 1 1968 1975 1982 19 19 200 Years 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 7 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 8 “Traditional*” Classification “Traditional” Classification • Microdontinae • Eristalinae – Merodontini •Syrphinae – Spheginobacchiini – Brachyopini • Brachyopina – Bacchini – Pipizini – Rhingiini • Spheginina – Paragini – Callicerini – Cerioidini – Syrphini – Volucellini – Milesiini • Criorhinina – Eristalini – Toxomerini •Blerina • Sericomyiina • Temnostomina • Eristalinae (continued) • Helophilina • Tropidiina •Eristalina *Yes, Gunilla, a mess, but this is what we use for the • Milesiina BioSystematic Database of World Diptera. Maybe a • Xylotina Finn can clean it up ☺ 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 9 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 10 Linnaeus (1758) Fabricius 1775 - 1805 37 Syrphids 1775, All syrphids to the genus All SYRPHUS In genus But by 1805 they were scattered among half dozen Musca genera Gunilla, it took a Great Dane To get it Right ☺ Well, Gunilla, it started with a Swede! 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 12 , 3rd Syrphidae Symposium Presentation given at the nd to 5th September, 2005 Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 2 , 3rd Syrphidae Symposium Presentation given at the nd to 5th September, 2005 Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 Latreille (1797) Meigen (1803-1838) • Expansion of generic classification • A family for flower flies • 1803 => 10 new genera • 1822 => another 10 new genera So, Gunilla, it took a Frenchman to give us our own family ☺ But, Gunilla, it is the Germans who do it Right! 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 13 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 14 Newman 1835 Edward Newman 1835 • First subfamily classification – Chrysotoxites • Long antennae (Microdon, Chrystoxum) –Syrphites • Syrphities So, Gunilla, while Alan does not believe it, it took an • Eristalities Englishman to order the ever • Volucellities increasing number of genera • Rhingities ☺ 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 15 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 16 Rondani 1845, 1856 Schiner 1865 etc •Syrphinae • Volucellina => plumose arista (Linnaeus) • Volucellinae • Eristalina => R4+5 sinuate (Harris 1776) • Syrphina => everything else • Eristalinae • Microdonina => scutellum tubercles • Milesiinae => Apical r-m crossvein • Callicerina => antenna with terminal style • Chrysotoxinae • Microdoninae And an Italian to turn it into Pasta! • Cerinae Naturally, one needs an Austrian to bring Order with analytical keys, etc., BUT … 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 17 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 18 , 3rd Syrphidae Symposium Presentation given at the nd to 5th September, 2005 Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 3 , 3rd Syrphidae Symposium Presentation given at the nd to 5th September, 2005 Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 Williston 1883, 1887 Sorry, but •Syrphinae • Eristalinae • I forgot the – Pelecocerini* – Eristalini – Frenchman => Bigot – Microdonini – Volucellini • Bacchini – Bacchini –Sericomyini • Xylotini – Brachyopini* – Milesini •Etc. – Syrphini – Xylotini* – The other Italian => Lioy – Cheilosini* • Cerinae – Melanostomini* – The other Austrians => Brauer, et alia Finally an American, with more Resolution, but no VISION! But, Gunilla, I only have 20 minutes ☺ 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 19 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 20 George Verrall 1901 Shannon, 1921-23 • Nausigasterinae* • Chilosinae • Followed tradition (Schiner, Williston) • Cerioidinae – Pipizini • Microdontinae – Spheginini • But give an evolutionary scenario – Pelecocerini • Syrphinae –Paragus, as most primitive – Brachyopini – Melanostomini – Chilosini – Ceria, as most advance –Syrphini – Bacchini • Eristalinae – With Pipiza, Cheilosines, Syrphines, Volucellines, – Paragini – Helophilini – Eristalini Eristalines and Chrysotoxines in between • Volucellinae • Xylotinae • Sericomyiinae –Xylotini Gunilla, apparently Darwin had effect • Milesiinae – Temnostomini* on the British! 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 21 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 22 14 subfamilies 17 tribes Shannon Hull, 1949 Developed • Calliceratinae • Syrphinae • Pelecoceratinae character • New Characters – Syrphini • Volucellinae morphoclines, – Bacchini • Sericomyiinae especially – Postpronotum, pilose or bare – Melanostomini • Xylotinae facial shape – Number of Male pre-genital segments • Chrysotoxinae – Xylotini • Microdontinae – Temnostomini – Malloch = Metafemoral basal setal patch •Eumerinae –Milesini • Nausigasterinae – Criorhinini –Etc. • Cheilosinae – Pocotini – Rhingiini – Tropidini • Syrphinae, clearly defined as well as – Pipizini •Psarinae – Chrysogasterini • Cerioidinae • Eristalinae, rat-tailed maggots – Spheginini •Eristalinae – Myioleptini – Helophilini – Cheilosini –Eristalini 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 23 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 24 , 3rd Syrphidae Symposium Presentation given at the nd to 5th September, 2005 Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 4 , 3rd Syrphidae Symposium Presentation given at the nd to 5th September, 2005 Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 Shiraki, 1949 Goffe 1952 Capt. E. Rivenhall, R.A.O.C. (retd.), F.R.E.S. • Historical Review • 21 Subfamilies (no tribes) • Return to TWO subfamilies • Splits off – Syrphinae & Sphixinae – Graptomyza & • Used LARVAL characters – Merapioides for new subfamilies – But Pipizines with Sphixinae!! • Reversed traditional morphoclines • Used characters for categorical ranking Gunillia, the Japanese took it to the MAX! • Hence, tribes & subtribes did not make sense So, Gunilla, a retired pilot brings sense back to Our classification ☺ 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 25 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 26 Slobodan Glumac, 1961 Wirth et alia 1965 • First of the Modern Regional Diptera Catalogs • Merged the Shannon-Hull classification into Goffe’s two subfamily system • Hence, set the future trend for family • Overlooked, but classifications • Use of Male Genitalia first time for higher classification So, Gunilla, new characters, better hypotheses ☺ 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 27 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 28 Thompson 1969 Vockeroth, 1969 • Global Revision Syrphin – Based in part on Dusek & Laska European work • Reviewed Syrphinae tribal classification • 5 tribes –Syrphini – Paragini – Toxomerini – Chrysotoxini • Paragodon – Bacchini => • Elevation of Microdontinae again • which he questioned status of • Hennig Argumentation Scheme • Zoogeographic analysis • Problem of Pipizini characterized. 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 29 2 September 2005 Overview of flower fly Systematics 30 , 3rd Syrphidae Symposium Presentation given at the nd to 5th September, 2005 Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 5 , 3rd Syrphidae Symposium Presentation given at the nd to 5th September, 2005 Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 Thompson, 1972 From then to now • Revision Neotropical Milesiinae • Shatalkin 1975 • But from Global perspective – More characters, new analyses • Regional Diptera Catalogs • Hennigian argumentation schemes for tribes • Regional Diptera Manuals • Character x Taxon Data Matrix Notice, Gunilla, – Nearctic • Zoogeographic analysis