Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82788-1 - Roman Manliness: Virtus and the Roman Republic Myles McDonnell Table of Contents More information CONTENTS List of Illustrations page xi Preface xiii List of Abbreviations xvii Introduction – Manliness and Virtus 1 I. Manliness as Courage in Early Latin 12 1. Virtus and Early Latin 12 2. Plautus and Roman Comedy 16 3. Early Latin Inscriptions 33 4. Early Latin Epic, Tragedy, and History 44 5. M. Porcius Cato 50 6. Virtus and Martial Courage in the Middle Republic 59 II. Hellenization and ìAret– Semantic Borrowing 72 1. Bilingualism and Semantic Calque 72 2. Virtus and Fortuna 84 3. Virtute Deum 95 III. ìAretand Manly Virtus 105 1. Semantic Borrowing and Popular Theater 105 2. Virtus as Human Excellence 107 3. Ethical Virtus 110 4. Virtus and the Canonical “Virtues” 128 5. Virtus as a Political Value 134 vii © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82788-1 - Roman Manliness: Virtus and the Roman Republic Myles McDonnell Table of Contents More information CONTENTS IV. Visual Representations of Virtus 142 1. Visualization of Abstract Concepts in Ancient Rome 142 2. Virtus as the Armed Amazon 146 3. Virtus and the Mounted Warrior 149 4. The Equestrian Image in Republican Rome 154 V. The Boundaries of Manliness 159 1. Virtus, Slaves, and Foreigners 159 2. Virtus and Women 161 3. Virtus and Sexuality 165 4. Fatherhood, Family, and Wealth – Virtus and Private Life 168 5. Man and Boy – Patria Potestas and Virtus 173 VI. Manliness in Republican Rome 181 1. Teaching Manliness 181 2. Aristocrats and Horses 185 3. Institutional Constraints on Displays of Manliness 195 VII. Divine Virtus – M. Claudius Marcellus and Roman Politics 206 1. Manliness and Politics 206 2. Abstract Deities and Divine Virtus 209 3. Virtus and Honos 212 4. Breaking the Constraints 228 5. Marcellus’ Successors 235 VIII. Virtus Contested 241 1. The Experience of War 242 2. Equites Equo Publico 248 3. Cultural Change and Hellenism 259 4. The New Man of Virtus 265 5. Marius and the Gods 267 6. Competing Definitions of Manliness 271 7. Virtus and the Legacy of Marius 290 IX. Virtus Imperatoris 293 1. Virtus in the Late Republic 293 2.TheVirtus of Pompey 295 3. Virtus and Caesar’s Commentaries 300 viii © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82788-1 - Roman Manliness: Virtus and the Roman Republic Myles McDonnell Table of Contents More information CONTENTS X. Manliness Redefined 320 1. Virtus and the New Man 320 2. Imperator Togatus – Cicero’s Claim to Virtus 332 3. The Dual Nature of Virtus in Sallust 356 Epilogue – Roman Manliness and the Principate 385 Bibliography 391 Index Locorum 433 General Index 467 ix © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org.