Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 50 Number 4 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 50, Article 1 Number 4 1971 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 50, Number 4 Florida Historical Society [email protected] Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Society, Florida Historical (1971) "Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 50, Number 4," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 50 : No. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol50/iss4/1 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 50, Number 4 Published by STARS, 1971 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 50 [1971], No. 4, Art. 1 COVER This depiction of Timuca Indians worshipping the stone column set up by Jean Ribault when he came to Florida in 1562 is an engraving made by Theodore de Bry from a painting by the French cartographer, Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues. Presumably it is on or near the St. Johns River, the area encompassed by the present city of Jacksonville which is celebrating its sesquicentennial. Le Moyne accompanied René de Laudonnière to Florida in 1564. Years later, after his return to Europe, he painted scenes and episodes of Florida as he remembered them. De Bry purchased the paintings from Le Moyne’s widow, and he, his two sons, and G. Veen engraved and published them in 1591. It was believed that all the Le Moyne paintings had disappeared, but in 1901 one of them (the one used for this engraving) was found in the chateau of the Comtesse de Canay near Paris. Laudonnière, attired in a crimson, yellow, and blue costume, is on the right and next to him is Athore, son of Saturiba (Saturioua). A reproduction of the stone colum with the French royal arms affixed is on a bluff overlooking the St. Johns at the Fort Caroline National Memorial in Jacksonville. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol50/iss4/1 2 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 50, Number 4 THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY Volume L, Number 4 April 1972 Published by STARS, 1971 3 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 50 [1971], No. 4, Art. 1 THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY SAMUEL PROCTOR, Editor PETER D. KLINGMAN, Editorial Assistant EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD LUIS R. ARANA Castillo de San Marcos, St. Augustine HERBERT J. DOHERTY, JR. University of Florida JOHN K. MAHON University of Florida WILLIAM W. ROGERS Florida State University JERRELL H. SHOFNER Florida State University CHARLTON W. TEBEAU University of Miami Correspondence concerning contributions, books for review, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Florida Historical Quarterly, Box 14045, University Station, Gainesville, Florida 32601. The Quarterly is interested in articles and documents pertaining to the history of Florida. Sources, style, footnote form, original- ity of material and interpretation, clarity of thought, and interest of readers are considered. All copy, including footnotes, should be double-spaced. Footnotes should be numbered consecutively in the text and assembled at the end. Particular attention should be given to following the footnote style of the Quarterly. The author should submit an original and retain a carbon for security. The Florida Historical Society and editor of the Florida Historical Quarterly accept no responsibility for statements made by contributors. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol50/iss4/1 4 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 50, Number 4 Table of Contents TIVOLI THEATRE OF PENSACOLA Dian Lee Shelley ....... 341 ANTI-CATHOLICISM AND THE FLORIDA LEGISLATURE, 1911-1919 Robert B. Rackleff ........ 352 APALACHEE INDIANS, 1704-1763 James W. Covington ..... 366 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS: CRUISE OF THE Minnehaha Pat Dodson .... 385 Loss OF IDENTITY ON PENSACOLA’S PAST: A CREOLE FOOTNOTE Donald H. Bragaw ... 414 FLORIDA MANUSCRIPT ACQUISITIONS AND ACCESSIONS ............ 419 BOOK REVIEWS ....................................................................................... 424 BOOK NOTES .......................................................... 447 HISTORY NEWS ................................................................... 451 DIRECTOR’S MEETING, JANUARY 8, 1972 ....................................... 462 COPYRIGHT 1972 by the Florida Historical Society, Tampa, Florida. Second class postage paid at Tampa, Florida. Printed by E. O. Painter Printing Co., DeLeon Springs, Florida. iii Published by STARS, 1971 5 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 50 [1971], No. 4, Art. 1 BOOK REVIEWS DE BRAHM’S REPORT OF THE GENERAL SURVEY IN THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT IN NORTH AMERICA, edited by Louis De Vorsey, Jr. reviewed by J. Leitch Wright ANTE-BELLUM TALLAHASSEE, by Bertram H. Groene reviewed by Clifton Paisley A NATURALIST IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA, by Charlotte Orr Gantz reviewed by Marian Murray THE FIRST AMERICAN: A STORY OF NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY, by C. W. Ceram reviewed by Charles H. Fairbanks ECONOMIC BEGINNINGS IN COLONIAL SOUTH CAROLINA, 1670-1730, by Converse D. Clowse reviewed by John G. Clark THE REGULATORS IN NORTH CAROLINA: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY, 1759-1776, edited by William S. Powell reviewed by North Callahan EMBLEM OF LIBERTY: THE IMAGE OF LAFAYETTE IN THE AMERICAN MIND, by Anne C. Loveland reviewed by E. P. Panagopoulos RED, WHITE, AND BLACK: SYMPOSIUM ON INDIANS IN THE OLD SOUTH, edited by Charles M. Hudson reviewed by J. Anthony Paredes THE CONFEDERATE NAVY: A STUDY IN ORGANIZATION, by Tom H. Wells reviewed by George E. Buker WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN, by James M. Merrill reviewed by Roger D. Bridges AMERICAN STATESMEN ON SLAVERY AND THE NEGRO, by Nathaniel Weyl and William Marina reviewed by John Hebron Moore THE WHITE SAVAGE: RACIAL FANTASIES IN THE POSTBELLUM SOUTH, by Lawrence J. Friedman reviewed by William Warren Rogers CHASING GERONIMO: THE JOURNAL OF LEONARD WOOD, MAY-SEPTEMBER, 1886, edited by Jack C. Lane reviewed by Arrell M. Gibson BRYAN: A POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY OF WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN, by Louis W. Koenig reviewed by Charles Morrow Wilson THE SOUTHERN STRATEGY, by Reg Murphy and Hal Gulliver DECISION, by Richard Harris reviewed by Augustus M. Burns https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol50/iss4/1 6 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 50, Number 4 TIVOLI THEATRE OF PENSACOLA by DIAN LEE SHELLEY* ensacola during the 1820s was hardly more than a small Pfrontier town, yet its citizens, with a predominately French and Spanish background, enthusiastically supported a theatre. Its importance is not that major theatrical personalities were attracted to the community, but that such a remote town, still the center of Indian trade, would welcome a theatre at all. The desire and support of dramatic entertainment suggests a differ- ent perspective from the conception of Pensacola during this period as a raw frontier town surrounded by wilderness. From Pensacola to New Orleans, the French and Spanish on the gulf coast at the beginning of the nineteenth century often conducted themselves in a way that dismayed Protestant Americans. These Catholics seemed to have had little regard for the sanctity of the Sabbath. After mass they thought nothing of adjourning to the closest establishment for gambling and drinking. Sunday was also a popular time for dancing and the theatre.1 The Spanish population in Pensacola increased when the Spanish colonial government and the infantry regiment of Louisiana were transferred there from New Orleans after the Louisiana Purchase. According to Don Juan McQueen, “the inhabitants are half French and they you know will dance and be merry anywhere; so altho [sic] the society is but small we generally of a Sunday evening have a kick up at some of their houses.“2 Juan Baptiste Casanave and Pedro Bardonave, two French- men, decided to capitalize on the frivolous inclinations of their fellow Latins in Pensacola in 1805. They were joined by a third Frenchman, René Chaudevineau, a master carpenter who di- * Mrs. Shelley is an instructor at the Pensacola School of Liberal Arts. 1. David Grimsted, Melodrama Unveiled (Chicago, 1968), in his second chapter investigates contemporary Protestant opposition to the theatre. 2. Lyle N. McAlister, “Pensacola During the Second Spanish Period,” Florida Historical Quarterly, XXXVII (January-April 1959), 305. [341] Published by STARS, 1971 7 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 50 [1971], No. 4, Art. 1 342 FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY rected the building of the Tivoli ballroom complex.3 The Tivoli highhouse was a two-story rectangular building designed to offer a place for gambling and drinking. The bottom floor of the highhouse was level with the ground and was con- structed of brick. The upper story was of wood with a gallery that hung over the sidewalk.4 A token discovered during ex- cavations at the Tivoli highhouse site in June 1968, adds fuel to the legend that some of the smaller rooms on the ground floor of the highhouse may have been used for prostitution as well as gambling.5 The appearance of the Tivoli ballroom is more difficult to ascertain since it was destroyed in 1841. The only indication of appearance is from maps showing the outline shape and approxi- mate size. The Pintado map of 1810 and the 1821 Spanish titles map indicate a circular structure of about forty-five feet in diameter with a connecting rectangular entrance that overhung Tivoli (Zaragossa) Street