Building evidence for conservation globally ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Journal of Threatened Taxa ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 26 December 2019 (Online & Print) Vol. 11 | No. 15 | 14927–15090 PLATINUM OPEN 10.11609/jott.2019.11.15.14927-15090 J TTACCESS www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Publisher Host Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society Zoo Outreach Organization www.wild.zooreach.org www.zooreach.org No. 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti - Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Ph: +91 9385339863 | www.threatenedtaxa.org Email: [email protected] EDITORS English Editors Mrs. Mira Bhojwani, Pune, India Founder & Chief Editor Dr. Fred Pluthero, Toronto, Canada Dr. Sanjay Molur Mr. P. Ilangovan, Chennai, India Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society & Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 12 Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, Web Design India Mrs. Latha G. 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Shivaraju, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Founder/Secretary, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Prof. Richard Kiprono Mibey, Vice Chancellor, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya Dr. R.K. Verma, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, India Dr. Robert Lacy Dr. V.B. Hosagoudar, Bilagi, Bagalkot, India Department of Conservation Biology, Chicago Zoological Society (also known as Dr. Vatsavaya S. Raju, Kakatiay University, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India the Brookfield Zoo), Brookfield, Illinois 60513 USA; and Committee on Evolutionary Dr. D.J. Bhat, Retd. Professor, Goa University, Goa, India Biology, University of Chicago Plants Dr. Russel Mittermeier Executive Vice Chair, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia 22202, USA Dr. G.P. Sinha, Botanical Survey of India, Allahabad, India Dr. N.P. Balakrishnan, Ret. 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Ravikumar, FRLHT, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Toronto, Canada Dr. Aparna Watve, Pune, Maharashtra, India Dr. Qiang Liu, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China Dr. Martin Fisher Dr. Noor Azhar Mohamed Shazili, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Senior Associate Professor, Battcock Centre for Experimental Astrophysics, Cavendish Malaysia Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK Dr. M.K. Vasudeva Rao, Shiv Ranjani Housing Society, Pune, Maharashtra, India Prof. A.J. Solomon Raju, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India Dr. Ulf Gärdenfors Dr. Mandar Datar, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India Professor, Swedish Species Information Center, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden Dr. M.K. Janarthanam, Goa University, Goa, India Dr. K. Karthigeyan, Botanical Survey of India, India Dr. John Fellowes Dr. Errol Vela, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Honorary Assistant Professor, The Kadoorie Institute, 8/F, T.T. Tsui Building, The Dr. P. Lakshminarasimhan, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, India University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Dr. Larry R. Noblick, Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, USA Dr. K. Haridasan, Pallavur, Palakkad District, Kerala, India Dr. Philip S. Miller Dr. Analinda Manila-Fajard, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines Senior Program Officer, Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/IUCN), 12101 Dr. P.A. Sinu, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124, USA Invertebrates Prof. Dr. Mirco Solé Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Vice- Dr. R.K. Avasthi, Rohtak University, Haryana, India coordenador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Rodovia Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km Dr. D.B. Bastawade, Maharashtra, India 16 (45662-000) Salobrinho, Ilhéus - Bahia - Brasil Dr. Partha Pratim Bhattacharjee, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India continued on the back inside cover Cover: Orchids of Goa: front–Aerides maculosa; back–Pinalia reticosa © Jeewan Singh Jalal. Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 December 2019 | 11(15): 14927–14941 Observations on the ex situ management of the Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Peer Commentary (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae): ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) present status and desiderata for conservation ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM Francesco Nardelli OPEN ACCESS IUCN/SSC Asian Rhino Specialist Group; Save the Rhino International (personal address) 5 Via Torricelli - 00042 Anzio - Italy. [email protected] Abstract: The Sumatran Rhinoceros is approaching extinction. A few dozen animals remain, dispersed in dwindling Indonesian rainforest with only a few years of likely survival time. Eight rhinos belonging to two subspecies are in controlled breeding centres. The Sumatran Rhinoceros differs markedly from the other four species of Rhinocerotidae and requires management according to specific protocols. Several Sumatran Rhinoceros have died in zoos, owing to lack of knowledge concerning their particular dietary requirements and their high sensitivity to anthropogenic activities. Recently more positive results, including successful births, have been achieved with the aid of scientific research, which continues to examine factors required for successful conservation and accommodation efforts. Keywords: Asiatic Two-horned Rhinoceros, behaviour, captivity, endangered species, ecology, forest protection, nutrition. Abstrak: Badak Sumatera menuju kepunahan. Hanya beberapa lusin saja tersisa, tersebar di hutan hujan Indonesia yang semakin menipis dengan tinggal beberapa tahun waktu bertahan hidup. Delapan badak, satu milik subspesies, berada di pusat penangkaran terkendali. Badak Sumatera berbeda dari empat spesies lain dari Rhinocerotidae dan membutuhkan pengelolaan menurut protokol khusus. Beberapa Badak Sumatera mati di kebun binatang, karena kurangnya pengetahuan tentang persyaratan diet khusus dan sensitivitas mereka yang tinggi terhadap aktivitas antropogenik. Baru-baru ini hasil yang lebih positif, termasuk kelahiran yang berhasil, dicapai dengan bantuan penelitian ilmiah, yang terus memeriksa faktor-faktor yang diperlukan untuk upaya konservasi dan akomodasi yang berhasil. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4952.11.15.14927-14941 Editor: Karin Schwartz, Conservation Planning Specialist Group (CPSG), Apple Valley, USA. Date of publication: 26 December 2019 (online & print) Manuscript details: #4952 | Received 15 March 2019 | Final received 04 November 2019 | Finally accepted 27 November 2019 Citation: Nardelli, F. (2019). Observations on the ex situ management of the Sumatran RhinocerosDicerorhinus sumatrensis (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocer- otidae): present status and desiderata for conservation. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(15): 14927–14941. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4952.11.15.14927-14941 Copyright: © Nardelli 2019. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication. Funding: