Regional Investment Programme M25 Junction 10/A3 Wisley Interchange Preliminary Environmental Information Report Volume 1 – Main Text 08/02/18 Status: A1 Signed off - Publication Document Ref: HE552512-ATK-EAC-RP-LM-000001.docx Regional Investment Programme M25 Junction 10/A3 Wisley Interchange Preliminary Environmental Information Report Volume 1 – Main Text Notice This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for Highways England’s information and use in relation to M25 Junction10/A3 Wisley Interchange. Atkins Limited assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with this document and/or its contents. This document has 249 pages including the cover. Document history Job number: HE551522 Document ref: HE551522-ATK-EAC-RP-LM-000001 Purpose Revision Status Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date description Issue for C04 A1 JB NDW AMB GB 08/02/18 Consultation C03 A1 For HE Sign Off JB NDW AMB GB 08/02/18 C02 A1 For HE Sign off JB NDW AMB GB 07/02/18 For HE Initial C01 A1 JB NDW AMB GB 09/01/18 Review Client signoff Client Highways England Project M25 Junction10/A3 Wisley Interchange Document title Preliminary Environmental Information Report – Volume 1 – Main Text Job no. HE551522 Copy no. Document HE551522-ATK-EAC-RP-LM-000001C04 reference Status A1 Signed off - Publication Revision C04 Page 2 of 249 Regional Investment Programme M25 Junction 10/A3 Wisley Interchange Preliminary Environmental Information Report Volume 1 – Main Text Table of contents Chapter Pages Volume 1 8 1. Introduction 9 1.1 Overview of project 9 1.2 Purpose of the PEIR 9 1.3 Need for Environmental Impact Assessment 10 1.4 Overseeing organisation 11 1.5 The designer 11 1.6 Key legislation and policy 11 1.7 Pre–application consultation 13 1.8 Structure and contents of the Preliminary Environmental Information Report 14 2 The Project 15 2.1 Need for the project 15 2.2 Project objectives 15 2.3 Project description 17 2.4 Site and surroundings 21 2.5 Consultation (overview) 22 3 Assessment of Alternatives 27 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Strategic alternatives 27 3.3 Alternative development options 28 4 Environmental Assessment Methodology 34 4.2 Proposed structure of Preliminary Environmental Information Report 34 4.3 Baseline 35 4.4 Study Area 35 4.5 Design and mitigation process 35 4.6 Assessment years and scenarios 36 4.7 Identification of potential effects 37 4.8 Assessment of significance 37 4.9 Cumulative effects 39 Chapters 5–14 41 5 Air Quality 42 5.1 Introduction 42 5.2 Study area 42 5.3 Consultation 43 5.4 Baseline conditions 43 5.5 Potential impacts 51 5.6 Potential mitigation measures 59 5.7 Summary 60 6 Noise and Vibration 62 6.1 Introduction 62 6.2 Study area 62 6.3 Consultation 63 6.4 Baseline conditions 63 6.5 Potential impacts 65 6.6 Potential mitigation measures 70 6.7 Summary 72 Revision C04 Page 3 of 249 Regional Investment Programme M25 Junction 10/A3 Wisley Interchange Preliminary Environmental Information Report Volume 1 – Main Text 7 Biodiversity 74 7.1 Introduction 74 7.2 Study area 74 7.3 Consultation 75 7.4 Baseline conditions 75 7.5 Potential mitigation and compensation measures 90 7.6 Potential impacts 92 7.7 Summary 98 8 Road Drainage and the Water Environment 100 8.1 Introduction 100 8.2 Study area 100 8.3 Consultation 100 8.4 Baseline conditions 100 8.5 Potential impacts 104 8.6 Potential mitigation measures 106 8.7 Summary 108 9 Landscape 109 9.1 Introduction 109 9.2 Study area 109 9.3 Consultation 109 9.4 Baseline conditions 110 9.5 Potential impacts 114 9.6 Potential mitigation measures 117 9.7 Summary 117 10 Geology and Soils 119 10.1 Introduction 119 10.2 Study area 119 10.3 Consultation 120 10.4 Baseline conditions 120 10.5 Potential Impacts 133 10.6 Potential mitigation measures 144 10.7 Summary 147 11 Cultural Heritage 148 11.1 Introduction 148 11.2 Study area 148 11.3 Consultation 148 11.4 Baseline conditions 149 11.5 Potential impacts 154 11.6 Potential mitigation measures 160 11.7 Summary 160 12 Materials and Waste 162 12.1 Introduction 162 12.2 Study area 162 12.3 Consultation 162 12.4 Baseline conditions 162 12.5 Potential impacts 164 12.6 Potential mitigation measures 165 12.7 Summary 168 13 People and Communities 169 13.1 Introduction 169 13.2 Study area 169 13.3 Consultation 169 Revision C04 Page 4 of 249 Regional Investment Programme M25 Junction 10/A3 Wisley Interchange Preliminary Environmental Information Report Volume 1 – Main Text 13.4 Baseline conditions 170 13.5 Potential impacts 177 13.6 Potential mitigation measures 195 13.7 Summary 196 14 Climate Change 198 14.1 Introduction 198 14.2 Study area 198 14.3 Consultation 202 14.4 Baseline conditions 202 14.5 Potential impacts 207 14.6 Potential mitigation measures 212 14.7 Summary 215 15 Assessment of Cumulative Effects 217 15.1 Introduction 217 15.2 Methodology 217 15.3 Baseline and Study Area 219 15.4 Potential impacts 222 15.5 Summary 225 Tables Table 1.1: Policy overview 12 Table 4.1: Significance of effects 38 Table 4.2: Descriptors of the Significance of Effect Categories 38 Table 5.1: Description of AQMAs within the Air Quality study area 45 3 Table 5.2: Connect Plus Services – Air Quality Monitoring Data, NO2 (µg/m ) 46 3 Table 5.3: Highways England NO2 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data (µg/m ) 46 3 Table 5.4: Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations (µg/m ) from CMS near the Scheme 47 3 Table 5.5: Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations (µg/m ) at CMS near the Scheme 48 Table 5.6: Number of Exceedances of 24–hour Mean PM10 Objective at CMS near the Scheme 48 3 Table 5.7: Local Authority Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data, NO2 (µg/m ) 49 Table 5.8: Selected Human Health Receptor Locations Included at Option Selection Stage 53 3 Table 5.9: Estimated Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations (µg/m ) at Selected Human Health Receptors, LTTE6 54 3 Table 5.10: Estimated Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations (µg/m ) at Selected Human Health Receptors 55 Table 5.11: Selected Ecological Receptors Included at Option Selection Stage 56 Table 5.12: Regional Emissions Results 57 Table 5.13: Overall Evaluation of Local Air Quality Significance 58 Table 5.14: Potential significant air quality effects at human health receptors 59 Table 6.1: Location and distances of NIAs from the Scheme 65 Table 6.2: Short–term traffic noise reporting table (DMRB A1.1) 68 Table 6.3: Long–term traffic noise reporting table (DMRB A1.2) 68 Table 6.4: Significance in the opening year 69 Table 6.5: Significance in the future year compared with DM opening year 69 Table 7.1: Summary of statutory designated sites within 2 km of the Scheme 76 Table 7.2: Summary of bat SACs within 30 km of the Scheme 77 Table 7.3: Summary of SNCI within 2 km of the Scheme 78 Table 7.4: Summary of non-statutory conservation verges within 2 km of the Scheme 80 Table 7.5: Summary of ancient woodland within 1 km of the Scheme 81 Table 7.6: Summary of reptile survey results to date 87 Table 7.7: Valuation of designated sites 92 Table 7.8: Potential significant nature conservation effects for the Scheme 96 Revision C04 Page 5 of 249 Regional Investment Programme M25 Junction 10/A3 Wisley Interchange Preliminary Environmental Information Report Volume 1 – Main Text Table 8.1: WFD surface water 101 Table 9.1: Summary of attributes and key characteristics of relevant landscape character areas within Guildford Borough Council 111 Table 9.2: Summary of attributes and key characteristics of relevant landscape character areas within Elmbridge Borough Council 112 Table 10.1: Aquifer Designations 126 Table 10.2: Historical landfill sites within 500 m of the Scheme 129 Table 10.3: Pollution incidents to controlled waters 129 Table 10.4: Land Contamination Impact Assessment 136 Table 10.5: Geology and Geomorphology Impact Assessment 141 Table 10.6: Agricultural Soils Impact Assessment in construction phase 144 Table 11.1: Construction impacts 156 Table 11.2: Operation impacts 159 Table 12.1: National material resources baseline 163 Table 12.2: Waste arisings baseline 164 Table 12.3: National hazardous waste infrastructure baseline 164 Table 12.4: Potential Issues 168 Table 13.1: Guildford Borough Council Development Land 174 Table 13.2: Elmbridge Borough Council Development Land 175 Table 13.3: Effects on private property during construction 177 Table 13.4: Effects on Community Assets During Construction 180 Table 13.5: Effects on Local Businesses During Construction 183 Table 13.6: Effects on Local Businesses During Operation 183 Table 13.7: Sensitivity of affected agricultural land 185 Table 13.8: Potential construction phase impacts – Agricultural land 185 Table 13.9: Magnitude of impact, without mitigation, on affected holdings 186 Table 13.10: Agricultural land – Operational phase residual impact significance 187 Table 13.11: Potential significant agricultural soil effects in construction phase 188 Table 13.12: Development Land within 500 m 190 Table 13.13: Vehicle Travellers: Views from the road 193 Table 14.1: Effect on Climate study area 199 Table 14.2: UK Emissions Baseline 202 Table 14.3: Highways Scheme Emissions Baseline 204 Table 14.4: Wisley climate (1981 to 2010) 206 Table 14.5: Weather extreme records: Southeast and Central Southern England 206 Table 14.6: Typical climate impacts on road infrastructure 210 Table 14.7: Climate vulnerability assessment: Road infrastructure, London 211 Table 14.8: Emissions Mitigation Measures 213 Table 14.9: Selected impact mitigation measures for roads 214 Table 14.10: Findings of the scoping phase: climate vulnerability 216 Table 15-1