236 AP World History MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 4. This commodity played the chief role in motivating French exploration of Canada 1. The encomienda system most resembled and Russian exploration of Siberia: Russian serfdom in that (A) coffee (A) both used laborers to work agricultur- (B) gold ally and on other projects. (C) fur (B) both legally enslaved their labor force. (D) tobacco (C) both were imposed by foreign conquerors. 5. Which of the following negatively affected (D) both drew their labor force from pris- economic life in Ming China during the oners of war. early 1600s? 2. Which of the following is MOST true of (A) a decrease in the supply of precious eighteenth-century European society? metals, especially silver (B) a failure of its economic productivity (A) A majority of the population moved to keep up with population growth into the relatively new middle class. (C) a decline in productivity caused by (B) The majority of people continued to the addiction of Chinese workers to live in the countryside and work as opIUm peasants. (D) a series of wars with Russia on the (C) The rate of population growth fell off Siberian frontier sharply. (D) The cause of women's suffrage gained 6. Which of the following can be considered great momentum in western Europe. true of Japanese geishas and the women of the Ottoman harem? 3. The tendency of the Muslim gunpowder empires to innovate technologically in the (A) In both cases, they were not expected 1500s and 1600s, and then stagnate, is best to display musical or artistic talents. illustrated by (B) In both cases, their services could be purchased by members of any social (A) a decline in the quality of goods man- class. ufactured in Safavid Persia after the (C) In both cases, they often advised mid-160<k' - rulers and served as regents. (B) the transformation of the janissaries (D) In neither case was their exclusive role into a pampered but obsolete muske- to provide sexual pleasure. teer corps. (C) the Ottoman Empire's failure in the 1700s to create a steamship navy. (D) Mughal India's decision to abandon railway construction projects begun around 1750. Unit Four: Review Questions 237 7. What resulted from Portuguese exploration 10. The map on page 204 (without looking at of West Africa in the 1400s? the caption) relates to (A) The Portuguese gained control over (A) patterns of large-scale migration from trade in gold and ivory. Spain and Portugal to other parts of (B) The Portuguese destroyed existing the world. states like the Asante kingdom. (B) the Papal Lines of Demarcation that (C) The Portuguese used the region as a assigned claims to new lands to Spain base from which ro conquer Egypt. and Portugal. (D) The Portuguese expelled nearly all the (C) Spanish and Portuguese shipments of Muslims living in the region. tobacco and silver from Africa to Asia and the Americas. 8. Which is an example of the changes brought (D) epidemiological vectors showing how about by the Columbian Exchange? New World diseases affected Spain and Po~tugal. (A) the importation of coffee to Africa from South America 11. This New World region imported the (B) the European encounter with the largest percentage of African slaves: horse in the plains of North America (C) the introduction of corn and potaroes (A) the Carolinas to Europe from the Americas (B) Haiti (D) the spread of smallpox from North (C) Brazil America to Europe (D) Cuba 9. What did Europe's Scientific Revolution 12. Forced migration in the form of "transporta- accomplish? tion"-a punishment often handed down by British courts in the 1700s and 1800s-was (A) It successfully promoted the geocen- the primary cause of population growth in tric theory. which colony? (B) It reconfirmed the teachings of Galen and Aristotle. (A) Barbados (C) It put into practice Descartes's and (B) India Bacon's revival of the scientific (C) Australia method. (D) Jamaica (D) It immediately swept away the Catholic Church's authority over intellectual affairs. 238 AP World History 13. How is the religious policy of the Ottoman 17. How does capitalism differ from sultans best described? mercantilism? (A) They expelled Catholics and (A) Capitalism emphasizes state-con- Protestants, but not Orthodox trolled accumulation of wealth, Christians. whereas mercantilism gives greater (B) They allowed a degree of toleration commercial power to merchants. but taxed religious minorities. (B) Capitalism shows greater sympathy to (C) They gave full equality to all worship- socialist ideals than mercantilism pers, regardless of faith. does. (D) They ruthlessly suppressed Jews and (C) Capitalism places a premium on free Christians. trade and market forces, whereas mercantilism favors state control over 14. What was a major consequence of planta- economic activity. tion monoculture? (D) Capitalism is more concerned with land-based economic activity, whereas (A) It created fewer incentives to rely on mercantilism is more associated with slave labor. maritime trade. (B) It tended to enrich the lower and middle classes. 18. What effect did the Portuguese presence (C) It encouraged the harvesting of a have on the kingdom of Kongo between the larger variety of crops. late 1400s and early 1600s? (D) It led to severe environmental degradation. (A) The Portuguese forced Kongo's rulers to convert to Catholicism. 15. Which art forms were most prominent in (B) The Portuguese persuaded the people sub-Saharan Africa before 1750? of Kongo to stop enslaving their neighbors. (A) sculpture and basketry (C) The Portuguese protected Kongo (B) written literature and painting from Dutch encroachment. (C) basketry and written literature (D) The Portuguese enslaved most of (D) sculpture and orchestral music Kongo's population by 1600. 16. In what way did Qing China's social policies 19. Russia's colonization of the Aleutian Islands resemble those of the Tokugawa Shogunate? and Spain's conquest of its American territo- (A) Both relied on systems of rigid social ries are similar in that stratification. (A) large armies were required in both (B) Both wished their populations to have cases to outnumber huge native greater exposure to foreign goods and forces. ideas. (B) both nations were motivated princi- (C) Both boosted the rights and privileges pally by the desire to convert the of the growing merchant class. natives to Christianity. (D) Both persecuted ethnic and religious (C) the economic commodity most rrunoriues. sought in both cases was gold. (D) a large percentage of both native pop- ulations died because of exposure to new diseases. Unit Four: Review Questions 239 O. The Mughal Empire grew wealthy in the whose members had nothing to do with the 1600s and 1700s because of a boom in the ruler's sexual pleasure, and geishas were enter- global demand for this commodity: tainers and culturally sophisticated companions more than they were courtesans. A key differ- (A) nutmeg ence is that the harem existed solely for the ben- (B) cotton efit of the royal family. (C) coffee (D) wool 7. (A) The Portuguese did none of the things described in B through D. They also began the ~NSWERS practice of enslaving Africans, a fact not touched on by this question. 1. (A) Answers Band C are true of the encomienda system, but not of Russian serf- 8. (C) Corn and potatoes, with their high-calorie dom. D is true of neither. Although most yields, changed the diets of people around the famously associated with farming, Russia's serfs world forever. The other answers were all were put to work in many ways. involved in the -Columbian Exchange, but the direction in which they exerted their influence 2. (B) Answers A and D apply to the nineteenth is reversed or mistaken. century, not the eighteenth. Answer C is exactly opposite to the truth; population grew steadily 9. (C) Answers A and B involve ideas done away in the 1700s. Not until well into the 1800s did with or modified by the Scientific Revolution. the majority in any European nation leave agri- ot only did the Scientific Revolution last cultural work behind. many years, but Catholicism's influence over inrellectual life never disappeared altogether, so 3. (B) Industrial efforts like the ones described in D is false as well. Descartes and Bacon resur- C and D were not feasible until the 1800s. The ••• rected the logic behind scientific problem-solv- janissaries began as one of the world's most ing that Aristotle had spoken of long ago, but • effective gunpowder forces, but became cor- that had tended to be ignored by the medieval rupt and disobedient over time. Europeans who accepted his often flawed 4. (C) Each of these commodities motivated empirical observations as fact. some sort of colonial effort. Expansion into 10. (B) The names of explorers and the map's dis- Canada and Siberia, however, was driven above cussion of spheres of influence should be all by Europe's ever-growing appetite for fur. enough to exclude the false clues, even without 5. (B) Like many parts of the world, Ming China much historical knowledge of the expeditions suffered a glut, not a shortage, of silver during depicted by the map. , this time, because of Spanish exploitation of 11. (C) Although African slaves were first used in ew World precious metals. Defense costs large numbers in the Caribbean, and although were a heavy burden during these years, and the slaveholding experience in the U.S. South China was wary of Russia, but it was not the is the one most familiar to American readers, main foe compared with nomads, warlords, the largest proportion of slaves brought to the and bandits. Opium was not introduced until New World went to Brazil-which was also the the 1700s.