Proceedings of the 7th Internatumal Workzng Conference an Stored-product Protection - Yotume 2 A survey of rural storage loss of grain in Jiangxi Province of China Zheng Wei! Abstract storage ground and drying ground and the later one includes The gram loss conditions, reasons and problems of storage the loss caused by msects, rodents, birds, mould and other in the rural areas of Jiangxi Province are detailed and factors. analysed m the paper. At last some feasible suggestions and Farmers' households methods to solve or mmimise gram loss have been put forward There were 357 farmers to be investigated. They were allocated m 147 VIllages, among them 79 farmers in plam area, 26 farmers m lake areas, 42 farmers III mountain area and 171 farmers m down-land The grain was collected from 3,61Omu of land, among which, 2,01Omu for early-season Introduction rtce, 438mu for middle-season rice and 1,165 mu for late- season rice. It IS predicted that 1,468,418 kg of nce are Gram loss IS a very senous problem m the world. Large harvested and only 67,024 kg left for the farmers for use. quantities of gram have been damaged by insects, mould, The farmers store those gram WIth moisture content of rodent and birds, especially m the rural areas. In China 11 2-14.8%, dust content of 0.4-11.19%, browning there IS a vast territory WIth quite different climate nee YIeldof 71.1 - 78% by means of small barns, storage condrtions, and many factors Will result m the gram loss, contamers, bags and bulk packages (Table 1) which make us to evaluate gram loss more difficult Jiangxi Grain loss during harvesting Province ISa major provmce to produce gram WIthoutput of 15,000,000,000 kg annually Nearly two thirds of the gram We investigated 357 farmers scattered m 17 counties With were stored m the countryside Concermng the climate m total rice output of 1,468,418 kg from 3,61Omu of nce Iiangxi Provmce, the arr temperature IS normally high WIth fields, The total loss durmg harvest reached 52,389 kg high moisture content, which frts to the generation and which occupied 3.57% of the output, the gram loss by field development of gram msects and mould, and brings great seattenng reached about 44,227 kg, 3.0 % of the total problems for grain storage. In order to solve the problem we output, gram loss by drying operation reached 8,162 kg, had a survey on the storage for more than one year for 17 0.56% of the total output (Table 2). representative counties, basically clarified the gram loss in Grain loss during storage period those counties. And then we put forward some treatment measures accordmg to practical conditions, by which good There were 16,036 kilograms of rice lost durmg storage economical and SOCIalbenefits have been achieved penod from the mvestigation of 357 farmers. The grain loss was caused by insects, mould, birds, etc wluch occupied Grain Loss Situation 4.37 % of 367,044 kg of the total pnvate grain amount. Among them, 6,142 kg gram loss was caused by insects, We selected some counties from different geography, 1.67% of the total amount; 9,425 kg by birds and rodents, regions, grains, harvestmg modes and storage types and 2.56% of the total amount, 178 kg by mould, occupymg made some surveys of the gram loss. Those counties mclude o .05 % of the total amount, and other loss for 290 kilograms Gaoan, Fengxm, Fengcheng, Yongfeng, Xmgan, Xinguo, WhIChcovered 0.08 % of the total amount of private gram yudu, Yugan, Guangfeng, Lmchuang, Yihuang, Nanchang, (Table 3). Yongxiu, Pengze, Lepmg, Yushui and Guxi The gram loss From the investigation report, It can be seen that the to be surveyed consists of harvesting loss and storage loss. grain loss of the storage III the countryside IS very senous. The former mcludes the loss which happened m the field, Mam reasons include poor storage condrtion, i. e. farmers stored gram only WIthbamboo bins, gunny-bags, or plastic- kmtted bags puttmg on the floor or ground. Some farmers 1 Gram Bureau of Jiangxr Province, P R Chma, 330046 put gram on floor Without usmg any contamers or bags, 1398 Proceedmqs of the 7th International Working Conference on Stored-product Protectum - Volume 2 resultmg m very senous damage. Loss caused by mice and JIang Omgbao, a farmer in Tongtian VIllage in Fengcheng birds m the 17 counties reached 9,425 kg which covered CIty, once found countless insects m hIS storage. He 58.77 % of the total loss. For example, Liao Fusheng, an screened the nee from the storage surface about 100 influential gram fanuly in Erdu Village, Yihuang County, kilograms, and found countless Irving msects of many kinds, had 5,500 kilograms of pnvate gram stored on the floor. He reaching the worm eaten ratio of 11 % The worm eaten suffered more than 200 kilograms of loss caused by rodents ratio in Wu Renxm's storage reached 15 - 20% accountmg and birds. Another reason IS the insect development. Insect for 3,500 kilograms of hIS pnvate nee disaster almost exists m the gram storage of every farmer. Table 1. Farmer's distribution. Amounts of Area Landform profile County (rnu) Farmers Lake area Down-land Mountain area Basin area Yongxiu 15 175 1 12 1 1 Xmgan County 20 148 1 14 2 3 Yihuang County 25 447 15 5 5 Yongfeng County 20 371 13 3 4 Fengcheng County 20 132 3 12 2 3 Yudu County 20 66 11 4 5 Yugan County 20 245 7 8 2 3 Nanchang County 12 233 4 8 Gaoan City 20 389 14 2 4 Total 172 2058 16 107 21 28 Table 2. Gram loss dunng harvest. Loss distribution Area Output County Farmers (rnu) Total Threshmg Drying Others (kg) % % % (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) Yongxiu County 15 175 59328 2525 2037 80.7 278 11 210 8.3 Xmgan County 20 213 86752 1628 1230 75.6 251 15.4 147 9.1 Yihuang County 25 447 186833 4770 3920 82.2 650 13.6 200 4.2 Yongfeng County 20 371 111614 2226 1826 82.1 320 14.4 80 3.6 Fengcheng County 20 132 49051 1471 1256 85.4 202 13.4 13 0.9 Yudu County 20 66 45817 835 726 87.0 85 10.2 24 2.9 Yugan County 20 245 101158 3675 2526 68.7 587 15.9 562 15.3 Nanchang County 12 233 106467 4093 2282 55.8 805 19 7 1006 24.6 Gaoan CIty 20 389 160444 3911 2920 74.7 786 20.1 205 5.2 Sum 172 2271 907464 25134 18723 74.5 3964 15.8 2447 9.7 1399 Proceedings of the 7 th International Working Conference on Stored-product Protection - Volume 2 Table 3. Grain loss during storage. Private Loss distribution Area County Farmers gram Total Insect Rodents Moulds Others (mu) % % % (kg) (kg) (kg) birdst kg) (kg) (kg) Yongxiu County 15 175 32284 692 371 1.14 291 0.91 30 0.09 25 Xingan County 20 213 47523 3663 1820 3.83 1643 3.46 200 0.42 10 Yihuang County 25 447 102566 2153 1105 1.08 1013 0.99 35 0.03 21 Yongfeng County 20 371 48875 960 459 0.94 501 1.02 0 10 Fengcheng County 20 132 28557 347 159 0.56 63 0.22 125 0.44 8 Yudu County 20 66 29785 873 453 1.52 420 1.41 0 33 Yugan County 20 245 61012 6343 2641 4.33 3661 6.01 41 0.07 42 Nanchang County 12 233 60058 1143 511 0.85 392 0.65 240 0.4 12 Gaoan City 20 389 98741 1432 249 0.25 1147 1.16 36 0.04 22 Total 172 2271 509401 17606 7768 1.53 9131 1.79 707 0.14 183 grain storage. Governments at various levels and grain Pay Attention to Grain Storage, management departments should make great efforts to help Minimize the Loss of Grain Storage the farmers in minimising such grain loss. 2. Storage containers for gram should be improved so as to Through investigation It is found that due to the poor of mirumise damages caused by insects, mould, mice and storage technology, lack of the attention to grain storage birds. At present, a small-sized round barn made With and grain loss, lack of know-how for grain, the farmers have tinplate (cp1.05 -1.2m, 2.4m height) has been widely used no idea to solve the problems which resulted from insects, in Yihuang County. The barn has features of resisting mould, mice and birds. As a result, a heavy loss m farm moisture, nuce, birds and good air sealing, by which the stored grain have been suffered. It is notable that farmers grain loss will decrease. got bumper harvests in the fields, but heavy loss at home. 3. Application of protectant should be extended so as to The author pointed out that some necessary measures should reduce grain loss by insects. Worm damage has not made the be taken to mmimise such loss. farmers to pay attention to a problem. It can see from Table 1. A grain storage service network should be set up in the 4 that the worm eaten ratio is very high. Table 4 and 5 give countryside, carrying out various kinds of technical training the results investigated from Yihuang County. WIth and consultation for grain storage and solving problems of different protectants a good control effect on stored grain farm stored grain.