428 dimethoate/omethoate/formothion Commodity Country formulation Application PHI, Note days kg ai/ha Spray No. Method concen- tration, kg ai/l cucurbits <3 weeks before flowering. Vegetables Hungary Rogor 40L 0.004 kg/10 L Foliar 7 EC. 400 g/l water Vegetables Morocco Rogor L 40 0.038 kg/100 Foliar 20 (glasshouse) EC. 400 g/l. l water. Perfekthion EC Vegetables New 500 g/l EC ? ? 120 ml/100 l Zealand Vegetables Reunion Perfekthion 150 ml/100 l Foliar 15 Carrots, EC. 400 g/l water cucumbers, beans, peas, onions, celery, tomatoes, cabbage, radish Vegetables Switzerland 400 g/l EC 0.0004 Foliar 21 Mentions kg/l garlic, onion, (0.1%) cabbage Walnut Mexico Perfekthion 0.50 0.00050 Foliar 21 Assumed EC. 400 g/l high volume = 1000 l/ha Water melon Indonesia Perfekthion 0.20 0.00020 Foliar Assumed 400 EC. 400 high volume g/l = 1000 l/ha Watermelon Mexico Perfekthion 0.40 0.00040 Foliar 3 Assumed EC. 400 g/l high volume = 1000 l/ha Wax jambus Australia EC. 400 g/l 0.30 0.00030 Foliar 7 Wheat Columbia Perfekthion 0.30 Foliar 14; EC. 400 g/l 7 (fod- der) Wheat Germany 400 g/l EC 0.24 0.00040 2 Foliar, up to 21 stage 55 (mid-head shooting) Wheat Mexico Perfekthion 0.40 Foliar 60 EC. 400 g/l Wheat Netherlands 400 g/l EC 0.20 0.001 1 Foliar 14 Also, triticale Wheat Reunion Perfekthion 0.32 Foliar 15 EC. 400 g/l Wheat UK 40 EC. 400 0.68 0.0031 4 Foliar, low March Aerial g/l volume 31 application: (aerial) 25-60 L 0.34 0.00057- 4 14 water/ha 0.00034 Foliar, high (gro- volume und) Wheat USA Dimethoate 0.42 2 Foliar, 35 400 EC. 4 ground, aerial (grain) lbs/gal 14 (gra- zing imma- ture plant) Witloof Belgium Hermootrox 0.30 Foliar 21 (chicory) EC. 400 g/l Witloof Netherlands 400 g/l EC 0.30 0.0015 3 Foliar 21 Witloof Netherlands 400 g/l EC 5.0 0.0005 1 Root tops 21 Clamp stage sprouts (chicory) dimethoate/omethoate/formothion 429 Table 23. Registered uses of omethoate. Commodity Country Formulation Application PHI, Note kg ai/ha Spray No. Method days concentration, kg ai/l Apples Australia EC 800 g/l 75 ml/100 l Repeat as Foliar 7 Do not needed apply during (14–21 flowering day interval) Apples Netherlands EC 565 g/l 1.05 0.00071 2 Foliar 21 1.27 0.00085 1 Bananas Australia EC 800 g/l 0.68 Repeat at Foliar 4 needed cover spray Canola Australia EC (SC) 2.4 l/2.5 l Seed 290 g/l water/ treatment 100 kg seed Cereals Australia EC (SC) 0.035 290 g/l Citrus Australia EC 800 g/l 75 ml/100 l Full cover 7 spray Clover Australia EC (SC) 2.4 l/2.5 l 290 g/l water/ 100 kg seed Herbs Australia EC 50 g/l 60 ml/5 l 14-21 day Foliar 7 Do not use water repeat in NSW Legumes Australia EC (SC) 0.058 290 g/l Lucerne Australia EC (SC) 2.4 l/2.5 l Seed 290 g/l water/100 treatment kg seed Lupins Australia EC 800 g/l 0.20 Full cover 14 spray Mandarins Australia EC 800 g/l 65 ml/100 l 2 Full cover 7 spray Oilseed Australia EC (SC) 0.035 290 g/l Onions Australia EC 800 g/l 0.56 Full cover 14 spray Pasture Australia EC (SC) 0.058 290 g/l Peach Netherlands EC 565 g/l 1.05 0.00071 2 Foliar 21 1.27 0.00085 1 Pears Australia EC 800 g/l 75 ml/100 l Foliar 7 Do not apply during flowering Pears Netherlands EC 565 g/l 1.05 0.00071 2 Foliar 21 1.27 0.00085 1 Peas Australia EC (SC) 2.4 l/2.5 l Seed 290 g/l water/100 treatment kg seed Plums Netherlands EC 565 g/l 1.05 0.00071 2 Foliar 21 1.27 0.00085 1 Potatoes Australia EC 800 g/l 75 ml/100 l Repeat as 7 needed Vege- Australia 50 g/l EC 60 ml/5 l Every 14- Foliar 7 tables water 21 days 430 dimethoate/omethoate/formothion RESIDUES RESULTING FROM SUPERVISED TRIALS The results of the residue trials are shown in Tables 24–55. The trials were reported in sufficient detail, with acceptable analytical information, unless otherwise noted. The trials are reviewed in order of the Codex Alimentarius Classification of Foods and Feeds. Citrus fruits GAP was reported for Australia, Columbia, Italy, Mexico (lemons, oranges), Morocco, New Zealand, Reunion, Thailand and the USA. Australia reported post-harvest trials on oranges (Noble, 1993). Oranges were dipped for 1 min in a 400 mg/l solution of dimethoate, air-dried, stored at 21oC and analysed for dimethoate 0 and 3 days after treatment. In a separate experiment, Valencia oranges were flood-sprayed with guazatine (1000 g/l, 10 sec), and 50–60 seconds later waxed with dimethoate at 400 mg/l. The oranges were dried in a drying tunnel at 32oC for 1.5 min. Samples were analysed 2 and 3 days after treatment. In a third experiment, oranges were flood-sprayed for 10 seconds with a mixture of guazatine at 1000 mg/l and dimethoate at 400 mg/l; some were then waxed. Waxed and unwaxed oranges were stored for 2 and 3 days before analysis. The analytical method was not specified. The results are shown in Table 24. Table 24: Residues of dimethoate in or on oranges after post-harvest dip or wax treatments. Treatment Post-treatment Dimethoate, mg/kg1 interval, days Peel Pith Pulp Whole orange 400 mg/l dip 0 2.0 0.85 0.03 0.43 3 2.2 0.35 0.03 0.43 Guazatine flood + Castle wax with 2 1.4 0.24 (0.003) 0.20 dimethoate (400 mg/l) 3 0.89 0.18 (0.002) 0.20 Guazatine flood + Peerless wax with 2 0.57 0.15 (0.004) 0.22 dimethoate (400 mg/l) 3 0.49 0.15 (0.003) 0.12 Guazatine (1000 mg/l) + dimethoate 2 0.29 0.09 (0.004) 0.09 (400 mg/l) flood 3 0.38 0.09 (0.004) 0.10 Guazatine (1000 mg/l) + dimethoate 2 0.92 0.16 (0.005) 0.10 (400 mg/l) flood + Castle wax 3 0.62 0.09 (0.006) 0.15 Guazatine (1000 mg/l) + dimethoate 2 0.78 0.28 (0.005) 0.17 (400 mg/l) flood + milestone wax 3 0.68 0.18 (0.01) 0.15 1 Values in parenthesis are below the limit of determination (not specified) GAP for Australia (Queensland only) specifies post-harvest treatment with a 400 mg/l dimethoate solution, 0-day PHI. It is a quarantine treatment only, for citrus destined for export to another state or country. Pome fruits GAP was reported for Argentina (apples, pears), Belgium (apples), Denmark (pome fruit), Germany (pome fruit), Hungary (pome fruit), Italy (apples, pears), Mexico (apples), The Netherlands (apples, pears), Sweden (apples), the UK (apples, pears), the USA (apples, pears), Australia (pome fruit), New South Wales), pears (Queensland, quince), Morocco (fruit trees) and Reunion (fruits with seeds). dimethoate/omethoate/formothion 431 The Netherlands reported two field trials on apples. Trees at Varik and Ophemert were treated with an EC formulation at 0.30 kg ai/ha, 1500 l water/ha. Fruits were collected 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment and analysed by GLC with a flame photometric detector optimized for phosphorus. The stated limits of determination were 0.01 mg/kg for dimethoate and 0.1 mg/kg for omethoate. Germany provided summary data on one trial in which a 400 g/l EC formulation of dimethoate was applied to Boskop variety apple trees at a rate of 0.04 kg ai/ha in 1974. Three treatments were made at approximately 2-week intervals. Apple samples were collected 0, 14, 21 and 63 days after treatment. Residues were reported as the sum of dimethoate and omethoate. The DTF provided a tabular summary only of data on field trials in Germany and France (Pistel and Bleif, 1993). The results are shown in Table 25. Table 25. Residues of dimethoate after application of EC formulation to apple trees. Location, Year Single application rate, No. of applications PHI, days Dimethoate + Omethoate,1 kg ai/ha mg/kg Nordenstadt, 0.04 kg ai/hl 3 0 2.7 Germany 1974 14 2 21 0.63 63 0.28 Varik, Netherlands 0.30 1 0 0.16; 0.20; 0.21 1972 (1500 l water/ha) (0.19) 7 0.10; 0.10; 0.09 (0.10) 14 0.06; 0.08; 0.08 (0.07) 21 0.03; 0.08; 0.10 (0.07) Ophemert, 0.30 1 0 0.15; 0.20; 0.21 Netherlands 1972 (1500 l water/ha) (0.19) 7 0.11; 0.10; 0.10 (0.10) 14 0.17; 0.19; 0.22 (0.19) 21 0.19; 0.15; 0.08 (0.14) Dimethoate, Omethoate, mg/kg mg/kg Kappel, Germany 0.42 (1500 l water/ha) 5 0 0.61 0.10 1982 0.50 7 0.38 0.10 0.42 14 0.21 0.06 0.42 21 0.16 0.05 0.50 28 0.08 <0.05 Firmetsweiler, 0.42 (1500 l water/ha) 5 0 0.70 <0.05 Germany 1982 0.50 7 0.07 <0.05 0.42 14 0.05 <0.05 0.42 21 <0.05 <0.05 0.50 28 <0.05 <0.05 Firmetsweiler, 0.42 5 0 0.46 0.05 Germany 1982 (1500 l water/ha) 7 0.14 <0.05 0.50 14 0.06 <0.05 0.42 21 <0.05 <0.05 0.42 28 <0.05 <0.05 0.50 Rodersheim, 0.42–0-.50 5 0 0.35 <0.05 Germany 1981 (1500 l water/ha) 7 0.31 <0.05 14 0.23 <0.05 432 dimethoate/omethoate/formothion Location, Year Single application rate, No.