Facts • Second tallest building in the world, tallest in China • Location: • River Delta- seismically active area composed primarily of soft, clay heavy-soil • Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone, Pudong district, Shanghai, China • Typhoon area • 2073 ft high • 128 floors • 9 vertical zones • Each zones: 12-15 stories high • 128 stories • Bird’s eye view - resembles guitar pick • ”Bottle Opener” Sustainability • 43 green and energy saving technologies • Wind turbines at top of the tower- powered by 270 wind generators • Water treatment plants- recycle grey water and storm water irrigation and toilet flushing • Chiller plants- reduced energy to pumped chilled water • Glass façade- reduce need of light • Two skin layer act as insulation for winter and cooler in summer • Shape - reduces wind loads by 24% Foundation 6m thick Use 980 bored Piled Raft Mat reinforced piles (300m Foundation Foundation concrete deep) Structure • Core Wall Inner Tube System • Composed of steel plate and concrete • Consists of 9 cells 30m x 30m • Connected with 4 super columns • Outer Mega Frame System • Belt Truss • Super Columns • Diagonal Columns • Radial Truss • Outriggers Truss Mass Damper • Consists of steel plates bolted together to form a steel pendulum weight • Suspended by 12 steel cables, near the top of buildings (Shanghai Tower – between 125th and 126th floors) • Cables allow pendulum to oscillate freely to vibrations • Controls movement by reducing the speed at which the building swings and the distance the oscillations cover • Weight inertia acts like a counterweight against winds and tower movement Eddy Damper Current System • Attached to bottom of steel pendulum – 1800 iron boron magnets • Beneath, on concrete floor, is 1,076 ft2 copper plate • When pendulum and magnet oscillate – Eddy currents are induced in copper plate • Creates opposing magnetic field, counteracting weight’s motion, generating a contactless braking effect • Resistant to external vibrations • No active control or power source necessary Interior Design • 5 basement levels • Ground floor – urban market and dedicated lobbies • Nine vertical zones stacked on top of each other (12 to 15 stories high), each have sky lobby and atrium in between inner and outer glass walls • 1st zone – retail, 6 storey podium rising from base level features shopping and dining facilities • 2nd to 6th – high performance office space • 7th to 9th zone – contain a hotel and observation deck • Each sky-lobby floor has its own retail shops and restaurants • Upper floors accommodate gourmet restaurants, cultural venues, and observation decks • World’s fast elevator – designed by Mitsubishi, top speed of 45.8 mph Spiral Design • Building design constructed after multiple wind tunnel tests • The wind loading was reduced by 24% due to its shape • Wind loading is the force exerted onto a building due to the wind • Spiral shape - twists one degree per floor from the bottom up • Minimizes energy usage • Shape aids in collecting rainwater for heating and air conditioning systems • Wind resistant due to its: asymmetrical shape, tapering profile and rounded corners • Slows down wind currents, as the currents have to circle around the building • Disrupts vortex shedding, which causes skyscrapers to shake in the presence of wind Facade Facade • Two glass facades, one inside the other • The space between the two glass facades range between 3 ft to 33 ft • Acts as an insulator, resulting in less active heating and cooling mechanisms needed • Made out of a type of glass resistant to temperature changes Curtain wall system • Two curtain wall systems • Resistant to wind loads and seismic loads • Separates the inside and outside • Carries own weight and force of loads Curtain Wall System Outer facade • Transparent laminated glass • Cam shaped with rounded corners • Every 12 to 15 floors there is an atria • Atria - regulates the temperature of the tower • Cam shaped floors reduce in size as the building rises • Outer curtain wall made of a number of hoop rings • Hoop rings placed along the circumference of the inner wall • Struts support hoop rings • Spiral shape created by hoop rings moving horizontally by a fixed degree as the building rises • Tapered shape created by hoop rings decreasing in diameter as the building rises Inner facade • Surrounds the storeys of the building Works Cited “Glass Skyscraper - Shanghai Tower, China.” Glass Portal, www.glazette.com/glass-skyscraper-shanghai-tower-china--555.html. “How To Build A 2,073-Foot Skyscraper.” Popular Science, 11 Mar. 2013, www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-02/how-build-2073- foot-skyscraper#page-4. “Shanghai Tower Facts and Information.” The Tower Info, thetowerinfo.com/buildings-list/shanghai-tower/. “Shanghai Tower.” Gensler Design Update, du.gensler.com/vol6/shanghai-tower/#/why-this-shape. “Shanghai Tower Is the World's Second Tallest Building.” Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, 15 Jan. 2018, www.designboom.com/architecture/shanghai-tower-china-tallest-building-skyscraper-gensler-01-15-2017/. “Shanghai Tower: The Secret to Its Stability.” Item Blog, blog.item24.de/en/article-detail/show-blog-article//shanghai-tower-the-secret- to-its-stability.html. “Shanghai Tower.” Verdict Designbuild, www.designbuild-network.com/projects/shanghai-tower/. “Shanghai Tower:Skyscraper Building China.” Shanghaitower.com, www.shanghaitower.com/shanghaizhongxinEnglish/index9.php?id=56. -"China's tallest structure: Gensler Shanghai Tower." Popular Science, Dec. 2013, p. 42. Science In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A351947465/SCIC?u=39sbo&sid=SCIC&xid=8f523aa3. Accessed 27 Nov. 2018. -Kwon, Junnie. "Next." Popular Science, Apr. 2015, p. 22+. Science In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A406162821/SCIC?u=39sbo&sid=SCIC&xid=92caec5f. Accessed 27 Nov. 2018. Works Cited Adams, Dallon. “The Most Earthquake-Resistant Structures on Earth.” Digital Trends, Digital Trends, 15 June 2017, www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/earthquake-resistant-buildings/. “Fastest Lift (Elevator).” Guinness World Records, Guinness World Records, www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-lift- (elevator)/. Heffernan, Tim. “Why You Can't Feel This Colossal Skyscraper Sway.” Popular Mechanics, Popular Mechanics, 14 Nov. 2017, www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a14564/the-121-story-tower-that-never-sways/. https://blog.item24.de/en/article-detail/show-blog-article//shanghai-tower-the-secret-to-its-stability.html “Shanghai Tower.” RWDI Consulting Engineers and Scientists - RWDI, rwdi.com/en_ca/projects/shanghai-tower/. “Shanghai Tower.” Table Manners in China, Etiquettes and Taboos When Dining, www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shanghai/tower.htm. “Shanghai Tower.” Verdict Designbuild, www.designbuild-network.com/projects/shanghai-tower/. World BooK, www.worldbookonline.com/student-new/#/media/ta513760-t01/type/table. Adams, Dallon. “The Most Earthquake-Resistant Structures on Earth.” Digital Trends, Digital Trends, 15 June 2017, www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/earthquake-resistant-buildings/. “How To Build A 2,073-Foot Skyscraper.” Popular Science, 11 Mar. 2013, www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-02/how-build- 2073-foot-skyscraper#page-2. “Shanghai Tower: How Designers Meet the Challenges?” LinKedIn, www.linkedin.com/pulse/shanghai-tower-how-designers-meet- challenges-narendra-shekhawat. Work Cited • http://faculty.arch.tamu.edu/media/cms_page_media/4433/presentation- case%20study%20of%20Shanghai%20Tower%2012-04-14.pdf • https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a388/f5e1ce266193510ecf6a612f13da40d7aef5.pdf • Ctbuh. “Shanghai Tower, Shanghai.” Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, • Kaufman , Joseph M. Megatall Structures: The Shanghai Tower. seaoo.org/downloads/BED/megatall_structures_the_shanghai_tower_joseph_kaufman__uc_2017.pdf. .