Forschungen zum Alten Testament 2. Reihe Edited by Konrad Schmid (Zürich) ∙ Mark S. Smith (Princeton) Hermann Spieckermann (Göttingen) ∙ Andrew Teeter (Harvard) 119 Domenico Lo Sardo Post-Priestly Additions and Rewritings in Exodus 35 – 40 An Analysis of MT, LXX, and Vetus Latina Mohr Siebeck Domenico Lo Sardo, born 1978; 2009 B.S. from the Theology Faculty of Sicily (Palermo); 2013 S.T.B. from the Pontifical Biblical Institute (Rome); 2018 S.S.D. from the Pontifical Biblical Institute; since 2018 Visiting Professor at the Franciscan Institute of Spirituality of the Pontifical University of Antonianum (Rome). orcid.org/0000-0002-6544-8493 Vidimus et approbamus ad normam Statutorum Pontificii Instituti Biblici de Urbe. Romae, die 4 mensis iulii anni 2018 Prof. PISANO Stephen Prof. GIUNTOLI Federico ISBN 978-3-16-159586-8 /eISBN 978-3-16-159587-5 DOI 10.1628 /978-3-16-159587-5 ISSN 1611-4914 / eISSN 2568-8367 (Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 2. Reihe) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2020 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to repro- ductions, translations and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed on non-aging paper by Laupp & Göbel in Gomaringen and bound by Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren. Printed in Germany. To Professor Stephen Pisano† Professor Federico Giuntoli My Capuchin Franciscan Order My Family With love and gratitude. Acknowledgements This book is the doctoral dissertation undertaken at the Pontifical Biblical In- stitute of Rome under the supervision of Professor Stephen Pisano (Moderator) and Professor Federico Giuntoli (Relator). I am very grateful to them for their wonderful feedback and wise guidance. I dedicate this study to my teacher Professor S. Pisano, who today rests in heaven, at the Temple of heavenly Je- rusalem (†07.10.2019). I remember him above all for his invaluable compe- tence in critica textus, and for his immense respect for me during the drafting work. Secondly, I am truly grateful to Professor F. Giuntoli for his keen sug- gestions and for his always ready availability. I thank the series editors and especially Professor Mark S. Smith who agreed to publish this dissertation in the prestigious Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 2nd se- ries. I am also grateful to the many members of Mohr Siebeck’s editorial staff who have been very kind and helped guide this book towards publication. I thank my religious family, the OFM Cap. (Palermo) who encouraged and supported me in this project and provided for all my needs. Among these I want to thank the provincial and general ministers who have succeeded each other in recent years and who have helped me. About the religious family, I am also grateful to my Franciscan community of the S. Maria della Consolazione who supported me during my work. Among those who have been close to me and who have shared this project, I thank: Dora Vedova (ghost reader of the thesis), br. Antonio Salvi (Latinist, Monacensis reviewer), colleagues (Laura Invernizzi, br. Domenico Mirizzi) and friends (br. Daniele La Pera, Enza Passafiume, Antonio Capone, mr. David Robson). Very precious have been also: Carlo Valentino (Secretary of the Pon- tifical Biblical Institute), the library staff and several professors. Last and most, I thank my family. My parents, Nicolò and Anna Maria Lo Sardo. They have grown me, educated me, and introduced me to the faith. With them I thank all my family: brothers, sisters-in-law, and grandchildren. And to conclude, I thank don Mario Torcivia, and Dr. Anna Antenucci: the first one has accompanied my spiritual life in these years and the second is the one who took care of my health. God bless you all! Rome, February 18th, 2018 Domenico Lo Sardo Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... VII List of Tables ................................................................................................... XV Abbreviations ............................................................................................... XVII Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................ 1 1.1 Preamble ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Identification of the Textual and Literary Problem ....................................... 2 1.3 Previous Problem in Exod 25–31 and 35–40 ................................................ 4 1.4 Working Hypothesis of the Monograph ........................................................ 7 1.5 Working Methodology: Text and Literary Critical Method .......................... 9 Chapter 2: History of Research from Origen to the Qumran Discoveries .................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Preamble ...................................................................................................... 11 2.2 The Origins .................................................................................................. 12 2.3 Change of Direction .................................................................................... 16 2.4 The Most Significant Stages of the Question .............................................. 17 2.5 The Most Recent Studies ............................................................................. 20 2.6 Qumran ........................................................................................................ 23 2.7 Summary and Assessment ........................................................................... 24 Chapter 3: The Construction of the Sanctuary: Text-Critical Study of Omissions and Additions in Exod 35–40 .......................... 27 3.1 Preamble ...................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Text-Critical Study of MT Exod 36:8b–34 (LXX Exod 37:1–2) ............... 29 3.2.1 Description of the Variant .............................................................. 29 3.2.2 Quantitative and Qualitative Differences between LXX–MT Exod 26:1–29 and MT–Orh Exod 36:8aβ–34 ................................. 36 3.2.2.1 Differences in the Vorlage ........................................................... 37 X Table of Contents 3.2.2.2 The Dependence of the Hexaplaric Text from LXX Exod 26 in Comparison with MT .............................................................. 40 3.2.2.3 Identification of Different Authors for the Two Sections (Exod 26// MT Exod 36:8aβ–34) ........................................................... 42 3.2.2.4 Variations in Spelling .................................................................. 43 3.2.3 A Further Observation .................................................................... 45 3.2.4 Toward a Conclusion ...................................................................... 46 3.3 Text-Critical Study of LXX Exod 38:18–20 (Absent in MT) .................. 49 3.3.1 Description of the Variant .............................................................. 49 3.3.2 Exod 38 in LXX, MT, and VL ....................................................... 50 3.3.3 Exod 38:18–20: Addition, Omission, or a Different Vorlage? ....... 51 3.3.3.1 A Further Observation ................................................................. 62 3.3.3.2 A Possible Solution ..................................................................... 65 3.3.3.3 Toward a Conclusion ................................................................... 71 3.4 Text-Critical Study of Exod 37:17–24 (LXX 38:13–17) ............................ 73 3.4.1 Description of the Variant .............................................................. 73 3.4.2 A First Observation on MT–SP–LXX Exod 25:38–39 ................... 76 3.4.3 Exod 37 in LXX, MT, and VL ....................................................... 79 3.4.3.1 A Further Observation ................................................................. 87 3.4.3.2 A Possible Solution ..................................................................... 89 3.4.3.2.1 Intertextual Comparison ........................................................... 89 3.4.3.2.2. Extrabiblical Data .................................................................... 91 3.4.3.2.3 Link between Biblical and Extrabiblical Data .......................... 93 3.4.4 Toward a Conclusion ...................................................................... 94 3.5 Text-Critical Study of Exod 39:33–36, 41 (LXX 39:14–15, 16–21) .......... 96 3.5.1 Description of the Variant .............................................................. 96 3.5.2 A Wider Comparison ...................................................................... 98 3.5.3 Exod 39 in LXX, MT, and VL ..................................................... 100 3.5.3.1 A Further Observation ............................................................... 102 3.5.3.2 A Possible Solution ................................................................... 105 3.5.4 Toward a Conclusion .................................................................... 108 3.6 Text-Critical Study of Exod 40:2, 17 (LXX 40:2, 15) .............................. 109