IQUAME[Text eingeben] 2500 Review of the 1 : 2.5 Million International Quaternary Map of Europe BGR & UNESCO, 1995 Working Paper GENERAL INFORMATION AND GUIDELINES FOR THE REVIEW July 2014 / actualised March 2019 Asch, K., Gdaniec, P., Müller, A. [Text eingeben] [IQUAME - GUIDELINES FOR THE REVIEW] Contact Dr. Kristine Asch, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany Phone: 0049 (0) 511 643 3324 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Contact IQUAME 2500 – Tentative roadmap | [IQUAME - GUIDELINES FOR THE REVIEW] Foreword Review of the 1 : 2.5 Million International Quaternary Map of Europe (IQUAME 2500) The international cooperation within Europe is a long standing policy of BGR as of many other European geological surveys, and particularly well established for projects under the umbrella of organisations such as CGMW, UNESCO, INQUA, EUG and IUGS. Geology does not know about political boundaries. Accordingly, working on geosciences projects is often cross-boundary and the resulting data ought to display the underlying geology without state border related unconformities. An integrated knowledge of geology and a Europe-wide understanding of the subsurface is value added to both the use and the protection of natural resources. This applies equally to mineral and energy resources as well as to groundwater and soil. A broad, integrated cross-boundary approach towards the 1 : 2.5 Million International Quaternary Map of Europe (IQUAME 2500) and the updating of its underlying information and data promotes the cohesion of research on and exploration of natural resources. Thank you for participating in this joint project. We are very much looking forward to continue working with you! Yours sincerely, Prof. Dr. Hans-J. Kümpel Dr. Kristine Asch Dr. Philippe Rossi President BGR IQUAME 2500 Editor-in-chief President CGMW | Foreword 3 [IQUAME - GUIDELINES FOR THE REVIEW] Content Contact .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Content .................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction and background .................................................................................................................. 5 Guidelines for the review ........................................................................................................................ 7 General description ............................................................................................................................. 7 Geological characteristics .................................................................................................................... 7 Data for the review.............................................................................................................................. 8 IQUAME 2500 – Roadmap ....................................................................................................................... 9 Annex I – Terms & vocabulary ............................................................................................................... 10 Stratigraphy ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Lithology ............................................................................................................................................ 10 Genesis .............................................................................................................................................. 21 Geomorphology ................................................................................................................................. 22 Glaciogenic landforms ....................................................................................................................... 23 Key localities (status January 2018) .................................................................................................. 25 Annex II – Legend of the previous edition (1995) ................................................................................. 26 Legend sheet of the printed map ...................................................................................................... 26 Previous edition: Genetic units in stratigraphic order ...................................................................... 27 4 Content IQUAME 2500 – Tentative roadmap | [IQUAME - GUIDELINES FOR THE REVIEW] Introduction and background These guidelines are written to support the review of the 1 : 2.5 Million International Quaternary Map of Europe (IQUAME 2500). Background Already in 1932 at the 2nd Congress of the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) held in St. Petersburg the idea was discussed to represent the main features of the European Quaternary for the whole of Europe. Since then, in cooperation with INQUA and in international scientific collaboration the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) compiled the International Quaternary Map of Europe. This paper map was completed in multinational cooperative and published in 14 map sheets and a legend sheet, the last of which was finished in 1995: sheet “Bern”. It was jointly published by the BGR and UNESCO. Quaternary geology and geological maps The Quaternary is an essential part of geology: it is the uppermost layer of the geological subsurface and thus is in strong demand; it provides sand and gravel deposits, groundwater resources, building ground for houses, streets, landfills, plants and many more. Geological maps have always provided for their users basic knowledge about the distribution of natural resources such as ore, water, oil or building stones. They may, albeit indirectly, warn about the Picture 1. IQUAME 2500 scientific advisors at the 2nd IQUAME danger of natural hazards or supply workshop in Vienna 2012 information about suitable sites for land-fill, house-building or tourism. They thus provide the basis for environmental planning and protection and support public-policy decision-making. Geological maps (digital or analogue) are the basis for understanding the earth and its processes. They record, store, visualize and disseminate the geologist’s knowledge, the results of their investigation of the rocks and unconsolidated deposits of the Earth’s surface and their interpretation. With the advent of Information Technology (IT), some factors that constrained our predecessors 50 - 15 years ago no longer exist. Modern computing systems (databases, geoinformation systems and the internet) allow us to store, retrieve, combine and present far more information and knowledge about an area than we could ever display on a 2-dimensional map. | Introduction and background 5 [IQUAME - GUIDELINES FOR THE REVIEW] The review of the 1995 edition Thus BGR started to rework and digitize the paper map in order to build a Quaternary geographic information system (GIS) of the Quaternary geology of Europe where Quaternary information can be retrieved, combined and used without any political boundary problems across the entire Europe. The Quaternary information is planned to be made compatible with the already existing GIS of the 1 : 5 million International (pre-Quaternary) Geological map of Europe and Adjacent Areas (IGME 5000) so that the information of both layers can be combined, selected and cross-referenced. The review of the IQUAME is supported by the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) and the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW). To facilitate the review, all contributors will receive the same base material and get with these guidelines a proper instruction how to undertake the review, add new information, how to make the contribution and to contact the editor and how to convey the information to BGR. The kick-off workshop for the new edition of the International Quaternary Map of Europe took place at the XVIII INQUA Congress in Bern 2011 with 14 participants from 12 countries. Picture 2. Detail view on the Quaternary of the Bologna region (IQUAME, 1995 edition) 6 Introduction and background IQUAME 2500 – Tentative roadmap | [IQUAME - GUIDELINES FOR THE REVIEW] Guidelines for the review General description The first edition of the IQUAME 2500 showed the Quaternary of Europe as paper map. The legend contained integrated information on the genesis, lithology and age as glacial stadia. The review and digitalization of the IQUAME 2500 is keeping the scale of the first edition which is 1 : 2.5 Million (1 cm on the map equals 25 km in reality). This means that the geology will be displayed in a generalized way, showing the main features of the Quaternary deposits and geological origins for the entire Europe. Geological characteristics With the ambition to provide a modern geographic information system containing detailed, harmonised and digital geological information of the Quaternary, it is necessary to review all major characteristics (geological unit attributes). These information will be encompassing both polygonal and linear geologic elements. Polygonal features: Lithology based on the IUGS CGI and EU Directive INSPIRE1 mandatory