Jewish Studies at the Central European University VIII 2011–2016 I II Jewish Studies at the Central European University VIII 2011–2016 Edited by Carsten Wilke, András Kovács, and Michael L. Miller Jewish Studies Project Central European University Budapest III © Central European University, 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication my be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the permission of the publisher. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Jewish Studies Project of the Central European University H–1051 Budapest, Nádor u. 9. Hungary Copy editing by Ilse Josepha Lazaroms Cover László Egyed Printed by Prime Rate Kft, Hungary IV TABLE OF CONTENTS CarsTen Wilke Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 SocIal HIstoRY Jana VObeckÁ Jewish Demographic Advantage: Low Mortality among Nineteenth-Century Bohemian Jews ...................................................... 7 VicTOR KaradY Jews in the Hungarian Legal Professions and among Law Students from the Emancipation until the Shoah ............................................................ 23 GÁBOR KÁDÁR and ZOLTÁN VÁgi Forgotten Tradition: The Morphology of Antisemitic Mass Violence in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Hungary ............................................... 55 MODERN EXemPlaRS ShlOMO Avineri Karl Marx’s Jewish Question(s) ....................................................................... 73 CarsTen Wilke Heinrich Graetz’s Neologism “Marrano” and the Historiographical Paradox of the Non-Jewish Jew ................................................................................... 83 MihÁLY KÁlmÁN “The Second Judah Maccabee”: Joseph Trumpeldor and the Jewish Legion in Russia ...................................................................... 97 The HIstoRIcal CHURches anD the HolocaUst Gabriel Andreescu Antisemitic Issues in Orthodox Publications in Romania, 1920–1944 ................. 119 HenrY de MONTETY The French Catholic Church and Antisemitism during World War II .................. 145 V ATTila Jakab The Churches and the Holocaust in the Hungarian Catholic and Reformed Ecclesiastical Press ................................................................... 155 ATTila SimON The Relationship of the Catholic and Lutheran Press to the Jewish Issue in Slovakia between 1919 and 1944 ................................................................ 165 MemoRY anD LIteRatURE Michael L. Miller A “City and Mother in Israel” and its Place of Memory: The Jewish Cemetery in Nikolsburg (Mikulov), Moravia ................................... 185 Zsuzsa HETÉNYI Facts and Fiction in Vasily Grossman’s Prose .................................................... 197 GÁBOR T. SZÁNTÓ A Twofold Minority: Does Modern European Jewish Literature Exist after the Holocaust? ...................................................................................... 209 APPenDIces Appendix 1: Jewish Studies Public Lecture Series, 2011–2016 ............................... 223 Appendix 2: Conferences .................................................................................. 228 Appendix 3: Courses offered in the Jewish Studies Specialization 2011–2016 .......... 235 Appendix 4: CEU/ELTE Jewish Studies Field Trips ............................................. 238 Appendix 5: MA Theses in Jewish Studies .......................................................... 239 Appendix 6: PhD Theses in Jewish Studies ......................................................... 242 Appendix 7: Contributors ................................................................................. 243 VI INTRODUCTION For more than twenty years, the Jewish Studies Project at Central European University has contributed to vitalize the study of Jewish history, society, and culture in East and Central Europe, gradually establishing itself as a regional hub of teaching and research. Our academic unit started in 1996 as a public lecture series with the aim of presenting outstanding specimens of regional and international research in Jewish Studies to the students and faculty of CEU as well as to an interested local audience. In 2001, we inaugurated a one-year MA teaching program, the Jewish Studies Specialization, which ever since has been offering an interdepartmental specialization track to students of the Depart- ment of History and the Nationalism Studies Program. Our inter nationally recruited students pursue a Jewish Studies focus in their research, receive an initiation to the specific themes and methods in the framework of their curri- cula, and obtain the CEU Jewish Studies diploma in addition to their depart- mental MA degree. A two-year MA specialization was added in 2011. In recent years, the specialization option has been extended to the MA programs of the Department of Medieval Studies and the Cultural Heritage Studies Program; the first students enrolled in these two new tracks will be graduating in 2017. Moreover, students of the PhD programs in History and Medieval Studies have realized their research under the supervision of the Jewish Studies faculty and benefitted from the infrastructure of the specialization as a source of support and synergy. The permanent faculty of the Jewish Studies Specialization presently consists of András Kovács, Michael L. Miller, and Carsten Wilke, while Victor Karády, who retired from teaching in 2013, is affiliated with our unit as emeritus professor. We regularly invite distinguished visiting faculty, representing a variety of institutional and disciplinary traditions in our field. During the five-year span of 2011–2016, covered by the present volume, courses were taught by Shlomo Avineri (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Zvi Gitelman (University of Michigan), Zsuzsa Hetényi (ELTE Budapest), Gábor Kádár (Holocaust Memorial Center Budapest), Kate Lebow (Wiesenthal Institute Vienna), Ada Rapoport-Albert (University College London), and David Ruderman (University of Pennsylvania). While maintaining over the years our focus on the modern Jewish experience in Central and Eastern Europe, we have been able to spread our teaching across a wider area of expertise, incorporating subjects as far afield as medieval Hebrew literature, Jewish philosophy and mysticism, Jewish-Christian relations, ­Yiddish sources, comparative diaspora studies, the Holocaust and its memory, and the history of Israel and its society. In cooperation with CEU’s Source Language Teaching Unit, we have started in 2011 a regular language-teaching 1 INTRODUCTION program in both Hebrew and Yiddish. It is largely thanks to the teaching activity of Gábor Buzási and Szonja Komoróczy, faculty members at ELTE, that we could develop and consolidate this new element in our curriculum. Since 2016, the specialization hosts one post-doc research fellow—presently Mihály Kálmán—who is also entrusted with teaching tasks. We are grateful to the Rothschild Foundation Europe for supporting many of our activities and for enabling students from a wide variety of countries to live and study in Budapest. CEU’s multidisciplinary, non-sectarian, and culturally tolerant academic environment has given a particular incentive to Jewish Studies. Sharing the international character of its academic community, applying a wide range of approaches and tools in step with the latest developments of the academic methods, topics, and themes, yet with a constant research focus on the peculiar historical reality of its region, the CEU Jewish Studies Specialization has acquired its own recognizable profile. It has obtained international visibility through the careers of its students, the publications and research of its faculty, conferences, the regular presence of renowned lecturers and visiting faculty, and finally the publication of the present yearbook, destined to diffuse the texts of public lectures and the research of its members. The Yearbook Jewish Studies at the CEU appears in general biannually. The present eighth volume is slightly out of pace, as it exceptionally covers our activities during five years, from the academic year of 2011–2012 to that of 2015–2016. We intend, however, to return to our usual rhythm in the future. During these five years, the Jewish Studies Specialization has taught hund- reds of students and distinguished twenty-one MA graduates with its diploma. One third of these graduates were from Hungary, four from Ukraine, two from Croatia, Serbia, and the USA respectively, and one from Israel, Japan, Poland, and Romania. Research subjects cover a wide chronological and geographical gamut. The appendix gives an exhaustive overview of the theses, classes, and public lectures presented in the framework of our program. CEU Jewish Studies has hosted international conferences during the period under report, and some of them have resulted in publications. Proceedings of an earlier conference were thus printed in the collective volume Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism and the Jews of East Central Europe, edited by Michael L. Miller and Scott Ury (London: Routledge, 2014). In October 2012, we organized a conference on the Hungarian tradition of the Wissenschaft des Judentums in cooperation with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and two German partners. The papers appeared as a book under the title Modern Jewish Scholarship in Hungary: The “Science of Judaism” between East and West, edited by Tamás Turán and Carsten Wilke (Berlin: De Gruyter,