Order Number 9211104 Case alternations on verb-phrase internal arguments No, Yongkyoon, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1991 Copyright ©1901 by No, Yongkyoon. All rights reserved. UMI 300N. ZeebRd. Ann Axbor, MI 48106 CASE ALTERNATIONS ON VERB-PHRASE INTERNAL ARGUMENTS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Yongkyoon No, B.A., M.A. afc * $ * * The Ohio State University 1991 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Arnold M. Zwicky David R. Dowty Robert D. Levine Advisor Carl J. Pollard Department of Linguistics Copyright © 1991 by Yongkyoon No To My Parents ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Arnold Zwicky for perhaps more than half of my linguisthood. He guided me with patience and tender loving care to what I now believe is a better understanding of language. Especially unforgetful is his attention to details of all aspects of language which is accompanied by a restrictive framework. David Dowty has broadened my vision about semantic problems and taught me how to be humble when I don’t have a better analysis. Robert Levine has been most generous with his time. He helped me improve this dissertation in terms of the exposition of data and argumentation, the organization, and the accuracy of generalizations. The conferences with him in Summer 1991 were invaluable. Carl Pollard provided me with relevant comments of technical nature throughout the last stage of this writing. His comments enabled me to think through evident alternative analyses, when I was inclined to be egotistical. I am grateful to them all. The faculty members of the Department, most notably Mary Beckman, Michael Geis, Brian Joseph, David Odden, Craige Roberts, and Donald Winford, have provided me with opportunities to talk seriously or tongue-in-cheek, about lots of things that make life worth living, including linguistics. Surely their friendship has been important in making me feel at home in Columbus. People who have hanged around in Cunz Hall, Benjamin Ao, Jill Beckman, Hee-Rahk Chae, Chan Chung, Monica Crabtree, John Xiangling Dai, Brad Getz, Ken de Jong, Sun-Ah Jun, Hyeonseok Kang, Bob Kasper, Gina Lee, Mark Libucha, Jane Smirniotopolus, Uma Subramanian, Kate Welker, and Chuck Yocom, are hereby thanked for their time shared with me and their kindness. Thanks are also due to Byengbok Ahn, Avery Andrews, Riitta Blum, Pe­ ter Culicover, Roger Evans, Donna Gerdts, Katrina Hagblom, Takako Haraguchi, Thomas Hukari, Paul Kroeger, Joan Maling, Yoshiko Matsumoto, Shigeru Miya- gawa, Anneli Pajunen, and Anelya Rugaleva for their helping me otherwise: they either made available to me important information, they kindly sent to me their articles, or they provided me with their judgments on strings of words. My former teachers in Seoul have not failed to encourage me during the time of my staying in the States. Professors Suk-Jin Chang, Chungmin Lee, and Baekin Sung all influenced me while and after I was in the graduate program in 1982 through 1984. I am grateful for their open-mindedness that has helped keeping the Korean linguistics circle abreast with the world. It might have not occurred to Professors Maengsung Lee, Sangbum Jun, Choonhak Cho, and Jeokryoon Hwang, teachers from my undergraduate days, that I would end up as a linguist. But I did just like they did. Thanks be to them. The love and sacrifice my family has shown are tremendous ones. In retro­ spect, what little achievement I have made wouldn’t have been possible without my understanding wife and fellow linguist, Sookhyang Lee, and my daughter Chung-A’s decorum. I am grateful to them for their understanding my frequent absences. VITA August 12, 1959 Born — Sunsan, Korea 1980 ................................................................................. B.A., Seoul National University 1984 .................................................................................M.A., Seoul National University 1984 — 1985 ............................................. Instructor of Korean as a Second Language Language Research Institute, Seoul National University 1985 — 1986 ..................... Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University 1986 — 1991..................... Graduate Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS No, Yongkyoon. 1991. A centering approach to the * [CASE] [TOPIC] restriction in Korean. Linguistics 29.4- No, Yongkyoon and Mark Libucha eds. 1991. The Proceedings of the 1990 Eastern States Conference on Linguistics, Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University. No, Yongkyoon. 1990. On the weak generative capacity of Depth-n Grammars. In The Proceedings of Seoul International Conference on Natural Language Processing. Seoul, Korea: Seoul National University. vi De Jong, Kenneth and Yongkyoon No eds. 1990. The Proceedings of the 1989 Eastern States Conference on Linguistics. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University. No, Yongkyoon. 1989. Existential quantification of experiencer: Person constraint on emotion verbs and zero anaphora. In Kuno, Susumo et al. (eds.) Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics S. No, Yongkyoon. 1989. Turkish inflection and copula cliticization. In Powers, Joyce, Uma Subramanian, and Arnold Zwicky (eds.) Ohio State Working Papers in Linguistics 87. No, Yongkyoon. 1988. Negative morphemes in Korean: evidence for a derivational treatment. In Baek, Eung-Jin ed. The Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Korean Linguistics. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Linguistics Syntax, Morphology, and Semantics TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION..................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................iii VITA......................................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................. x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Generative Grammar ..........................................................................................2 1.3. Morphology.......................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Filtering by the Semantic Component and the User’s Manual 9 1.5. Desiderata of Completeness, Soundness, and Tractability vs. Economy 13 1.6. Purpose and Organization of Dissertation ...................................................19 CHAPTER II. VERB PHRASE, MORPHOSYNTACTIC CASE, AND ALTERNATION 2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 21 2.2. Verb P h rase........................................................................................................22 2.3. Morphosyntactic Case , ..........................................................................25 2.4. Alternation .........................................................................................................26 2.5. A Typology of Case Alternations on Direct Object ................................... 31 2.6. A General Theory of Case ............................................................................... 35 CHAPTER HI. LEXICAL, SEMANTIC, AND DISCOURSE-ORGANIZATIONAL ALTERNATIONS 3.1. Introduction .......................................................... 40 3.2. Voice in Tagalog................................................................................................43 3.2.1. Case m arker............................................................................................43 3.2.2. Verb aspects............................................................................................46 3.2.3. Voice m arking.........................................................................................50 3.2.4. Sortal incorrectness rather than ungram m atically.........................60 3.2.5. The Tagalog verb phrase-what is remarkable?................................63 3.3. The Accusative/Genitive Alternation in Russian ....................................... 73 3.4. The Alternation Between NP and Accusative PP in Korean ...................81 CHAPTER IV. SYNTACTIC ALTERNATIONS 4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 84 4.2. Korean Emotion Expressions ...................................................................... 85 4.2.1. A fragment of Korean ........................................................................... 86 4.2.2. Emotion verbs and the pragmatic properties of emotion-expressiong sentences .............................. 90 4.2.3. Case alternations involving emotion expressions .............................94 4.3. The “potential” verb and emotion expressions in Japanese ....................100 4.3.1. A fragment of Japanese ...................................................................... 100 4.3.2. Case alternation involving the “POTENTIAL” verb ....................102 4.3.3. Emotion adjectives and the pragmatic properties of emotion-expressing sentences 103 4.3.4. Case alternations involving emotion expressions ...........................104 4.4. Fourth Person, Imperatives, and Infinitives in Finnish ........................... 106 4.4.1.