Name___________________________________________________ 21 CRITICAL THINKING REVIEW Viruses and Bacteria “Work-Alikes” In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best describes how each numbered item functions. 1. virus envelope a. security guards get sick and die 2. bacteriophage b. door key 3. HIV infection c. a rumor being spread among people 4. influenza d. a hypodermic needle Cause and Effect In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches each cause or effect given below. Cause Effect 5. viruses do not grow, do a. lysogenic cycle not have homeostasis, and b. specificity of viruses do not metabolize c. resistant bacteria 6. host cell not destroyed survive and reproduce 7. escape of fragments of d. they are not alive host cell genes 8. resistance to antibiotics T rade-offs In the space provided, write the letter of the bad news item that best matches each numbered good news item below. “Good News” “Bad News” 9. Those infected with HIV do not develop a. They are not truly AIDS for years. multicellular. b. They feel healthy while 10. Some bacteria adhere to each other spreading the virus to to form strands. others. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 11. Bacteria perform several different kinds c. A species of of anaerobic and aerobic respiration. Staphylococcus causes food poisoning. 12. Streptomyces bacteria produce d. Eukaryotes are mostly an antibiotic. limited to aerobic metabolism. Linkages In the spaces provided, write the letters of the two terms or phrases that are linked together by the term or phrase in the middle. The choices can be placed in any order. Some choices may be used more than once. 13. bacteria trapped a. cell destruction in the lytic cycle in filter b. hepatitis B 14. replication c. viruses pass through 15. Epstein-Barr virus d. unidentified bacteria e. viral infection 16. Gram staining f. Fleming observes Penicillium 17. endotoxin growing on a culture 18. soybeans, beans, and g. soil replenished with nitrogen compounds peanuts h. Rhizobium bacteria 19. fungus secretes substance i. isolation of substance and naming it penicillin that kills bacteria j. Gram-negative bacteria k. sap from infected tobacco plants l. fever, body aches, and chills m. human papilloma virus n. Gram-negative or Gram-positive identification Analogies An analogy is a relationship between two pairs of terms or phrases written as a : b :: c : d. The symbol : is read as “is to,” and the symbol :: is read as “as.” In the space provided, write the letter of the pair of terms or phrases that best completes the analogy shown. 20. virus : bacterium :: a. lamp : light bulb b. pumpkin : strawberry c. desk : doorknob d. sidewalk : street 21. DNA or RNA : viruses :: a. capsids : viral envelopes b. RNA : DNA c. white blood cells : HIV d. TMV : bacterial cell 22. photosynthetic bacteria : sulfur compounds :: a. chemoautotrophic bacteria : sulfur compounds b. chemoautotrophic bacteria : organic material c. heterotrophic bacteria : organic material d. photosynthetic bacteria : ammonia 23. Clostridium botulinum : botulism :: Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. a. E. coli : diphtheria c. Staphylococcus aureus : Salmonella b. E. coli : Salmonella d. Corynebacterium diphtheriae: diphtheria.