European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X / 1450-202X Vol.117 No.3 January, 2014, pp. 359-368 http://www.europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com Analysis of Preoccupation Structure of Restaurant and Hotel Management in Isfahan Province Athar Noormohammadi The Graduated Student in M.A in Geography and Tourism Planning in Islamic Azad University NajafAbad Branch Department of Humananities Sciences, Isfahan, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Mehri Azani Amember of Faculty in Islamic Azad University, NajafAbad Branch Department of Humananities Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Hajar Norouzi The Student in M.A in Geography and Tourism Planning in Islamic Azad University NajafAbad Branch, Department of Humananities Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Abstract The economic benefitsof tourism industry affect on employment and increasing national and regional revenue. It can be also a way for other industrial sectors, growth.One of the important sectors in tourism industry is restaurant and hotel management that can be accounted as a substructure for developing othersectors of this industry. One of the adequate regions for developing tourism industry in Iran is Isfahan province.Isfahan has numerous natural-historical and cultural attraction. So, this province is consideredas one of the tourism centersin country. The aim of this study is to analyze the structure of preoccupation in restaurant and hotel management and its role in developing tourism at Isfahan province in 1375-1390. The purpose of this study is based on useful aims and integration method and nature. The resultsof this study show the relative advantage of the cities of this province in regard to reference economy (the whole country) that have numerous capabilities in making substructure and capitalization at this sector. Keywords: Tourism-Resturant and Hotel Management-Preoccupation-Development. 1. Introduction Tourism is one of the most developed industries in the second half of the twentieth century. It was often used as thekey orpassword for economic growthindeveloped and developing countries. (Font and Ahjem, 1999:63) Tourism has been considered asan efficientcatalystforregeneration andeconomic and social developmentin variousareas, So thatin recent yearsto meet the economic and socialchallengesof different areas acrossEurope where they encountered the reduction of traditional activities,tourism has been in the spotlight (sharply, 2002: 233). Analysis of Preoccupation Structure of Restaurant and Hotel Management in Isfahan Province 360 Tourism industry can have a significant effect on increasing preoccupation, incomes related to residential places, and national revenue of countries. So, Tourism affects on economic growth directly and indirectly (Oh,2005:26). Other results of developing tourism include increasing the income of host society, increasing state revenue, increasing investment, redistribution of international wealth, increasing employment, developing cottage industry and local goods, making jobs and income, helping to providing infrastructure services, encouraging other economic sectors development, and making variety in economic activities(Butler et al,1997:28). At the present time, many countries gain their social and economic interests from tourism and they use tourism incomes for developing areas infrastructures (Eecles and casta,1996:44) Tourism industry includes 11 percent of Gross Domestic product (GDP)and supports more than 200 million jobs in the world that contains 8 percent of the whole employment(Rita,2000:434). At the point of view, tourism consideres as the most important industry in world, because of making job and its effect on developmental, economical and social function. This industry will help developing countries to solve problems like unemployment and poverty through motivating the potentials of this country. However, tourism is a clean industry that help to defence nature for future generations (Holjevac,2003:2). In fact, tourism industry contains different activities that is linked like a chain to help tourism. So , tourism includes all of the objects and relationships among tourists, suppliers, and tourism products sellers, states, and host countries to attract and receive tourism(mcintosh,1995:9). Figure 1: Factors associated with tourism industry Facilities Health Restaurants ICT and e- Roadways and development development and hotels money transportation development development development Tourism infrastructures and facilities development Tourism Growth Prosper of various economic activities Visit plans Visit plans Entertainment Accommodatio Food services Crafts plans n services Source: Oh – 2005 Iranisthe cradleof theoldestcivilizations inthe world, and Apart frommanysourcesrelated totourismandcultural heritage; it has diversenatural resourcesof thedesert regionstothe seashore. In fact, one of thereasons whypeopleindifferent periods are proud of their country is the enjoymentoftheblessingsof nature's four seasons which has given this country a strategic situation on 361 Athar Noormohammadi, Mehri Azani and Hajar Norouzi the Silk Road. Thevast landof Iran has diverseclimatesthat sometimethe temperaturedifferencebetween two points on the vast plateau reaches to 40 degrees Celsius.One of the region in Iran that has potential for developing tourism is Isfahan province. This province, because of having many historical- natural and attraction, is situated at the top of tourism centres in Iran. However, one of the important sectors of tourism industry is restaurant and hotel management.This research analyzis the preoccupation structure of this sector in Isfahan province. 2. Research Background Toh, et al., 2001 in order to "examine the relationship between the steps of developmentofthe countryandits tourism status," have introduceda new theoretical business idea. The basic premiseofthis theoryisbased onthe balance oftraveling, Less developed countriesgenerally closer to Initial stateor primary levels (net exporter of tourism)anddeveloped countries are closer toend stateorend-stage(net importer oftourism). Inaddition, Tucson (2002)inits comparative study "prediction of economic impact oftourism“in Turkey, Fiji and America , has mentioned providing employment opportunitiesthroughtourismasone of thepositive effects oftourism. Kimandcolleagues (2006), test the "The relationship betweentourismdevelopmentand economic growthin Taiwan". Acausaltestforco integrationprocedureis performed todeterminethe directionof causalitybetweeneconomic growthandtourismdevelopment. The resultsshow thatthere is along-termequilibriumrelationshipbetweentourismand economic growthinTaiwan and therelationship between thesetwo variables is a causal reciprocal relationship, In other words, inTaiwan, tourismand economic growthreinforceeach other. Sung Chon, Kye&Ju Shin, Hyun according to a study in 2007 "Koreas Hotel and Tourism Industry" concluded that one of the Korean statesment has used successful strategies to develop hotels and tourism industry. Some of these strategies include: Hiring local personnel in hotel and restaurant sector and educating personnel for university degrees and using their knowledge and experiences Miragein 1386(2007) inherstudy"the effects of tourismon thedynamics ofemployment inthe province of Semnan" concluded that this county annually by attracting 53965 tourists, withrevenueof over24/123296 can create job opportunities for almost 948 people which will cover 24/66 percent of the county`s unemployment andif it could beefficientlymanaged, just by attracting 7/2percentoftheprovince'sroundtourism which is 12 million visitors in a year , the problem of unemployment would be solved. In thepresent study we analyzed the structure of employment in restaurant and hotel managements sector in the county of Isfahan. 3. Materials and Methods Share change method, to analyzeand forecasteconomic conditionsand the employment of geographical levels, can be studied lower than region and higher than city. Inthis way,the datacan be -income, production, employment, or Inthismethod, the referencescale would be a city or a county where the studied geographical levels are compared with them.(Ziari, 1378: 123).(2009) Share change model provides a general approachto understanding therelationship betweenindustrial structureand economic growth Andasdataanalysis, Output is used asa toolfor the analysis ofindustrialrelations, different parts ofaregion along with industries and national parts. Thismethodissimpleand requireslimiteddata, so despite all criticisms has founda special place.shift share modelcan be expressedas follows: Analysis of Preoccupation Structure of Restaurant and Hotel Management in Isfahan Province 362 EtR National share (the changes of employment in resource employment) A Et1R EEti tR The combinition B EERt1 i t1 EEttLi i Competitive share C EEt1Li t1 i Eli: Region Employmentintheindustry orsectori Ei: Nationalemploymentinsectori ER: Nationalemploymentinallsectors t-1: the starting year of the period t : the ending year of the period The overall results of aforementioned formula reflectchangesin employment ineverysectoroftheeconomy. A Employmentgrowthinall sectorsof the national economy B The amount of sector i`s employment growth in the national economy C The rate of sector i`s employment growth in the region (HekmatNiaandMousavi, 1385: 82)(2006) EEt ABC Li Lit1 Oncethe coefficients A, Band C, has been determined,the following equationcan beusedtopredictemploymentaction: The employment of next period in I sector = base year employment