INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CAMP AREA WITH DEMONSTRATIONS IN DAMOUR, SARAFAND AND NAQOURA MUNICIPALITIES FINAL REPORT Submitted to: REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTER FOR THE PRIORITY ACTIONS PROGRAMME SPLIT, CROATIA & COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT ANTÉLIAS, LEBANON OCTOBER 2003 CAMP Project - Lebanon IWRM – Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................II LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... VIII LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS.......................................................................................X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................. XI PART I INTRODUCTION WORK METHODOLOGY IWRM PRINCIPLES AND TOOLS..................................................................................................1 1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................2 1.1. The CAMP Project...........................................................................................2 1.2. Integrated Water Resources Management........................................................2 1.3. Objectives of the Report...................................................................................2 1.4. Structure of the Report .....................................................................................2 2. THE WORK METHODOLOGY.................................................................3 2.1. Overall Methodology........................................................................................3 2.2. Desktop Data Collection...................................................................................4 2.3. Field Work Activities .......................................................................................4 2.3.1 Mapping Activities .....................................................................................4 2.3.2 Water Sampling and Analysis ....................................................................4 2.3.3 Field Questionnaires..................................................................................6 2.3.4 Consultation Meetings ...............................................................................6 2.4. Data Analysis....................................................................................................6 2.4.1 Estimation of Water Consumption.............................................................6 2.4.2 Calculation of Gross Irrigation Requirements ..........................................7 2.5. Participatory Workshops ..................................................................................8 2.6. Reporting and Dissemination ...........................................................................8 3. INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND TOOLS.........................................................................9 3.1. The Theoretical Background ............................................................................9 3.2. IWRM: Definition and Objectives ...................................................................9 3.2.1 Defining the Problem.................................................................................9 3.2.2 Definition and Objectives of IWRM...........................................................9 3.3. The IWRM Trinity..........................................................................................11 3.3.1 Water Supply Management......................................................................11 3.3.2 Water Demand Management ...................................................................12 3.3.3 Water Quality Management.....................................................................13 3.4. Tools and Instruments for IWRM ..................................................................14 3.4.1 Environmental Management Tools..........................................................14 3.4.2 Community Integrated Water Resource Management.............................14 3.4.3 Private Sector Participation ....................................................................16 ARD ii CAMP Project - Lebanon IWRM – Final Report 3.4.4 Economic Instruments..............................................................................16 3.4.5 Decentralized Mechanisms: Water-use Rights .......................................19 3.4.6 Participatory Management Structures.....................................................20 3.5. Example of an Economic Regulation of Water Demand: the Case of France .........................................................................................21 3.5.1 The Framework........................................................................................21 3.5.2 Planning the Use of Water.......................................................................21 3.5.3 Collecting the Information.......................................................................21 3.5.4 Control of Frauds ....................................................................................21 3.5.5 The Property of Infrastructure Works......................................................22 3.5.6 Exploitation of Water Resources .............................................................22 3.5.7 Financing the Water Policies...................................................................22 3.5.8 The Roles of the Various Players.............................................................22 3.5.9 Some Elements about the Water Price Structure.....................................23 3.5.10 Some Elements about the Income and the Expenses of the Water Agencies .......................................................................................24 3.5.11 Expenses...................................................................................................24 3.5.12 Some Elements about the Irrigation Policies in France..........................24 PART II: ASSESSMENT OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CAMP AREA AND THE THREE PILOT MUNICIPALITIES ............26 4. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN LEBANON .....................................27 4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................27 4.2. Legal Framework of the Water Sector in Lebanon ........................................27 4.2.1 The Background.......................................................................................27 4.2.2 Legislation Related to Public Water Properties ......................................27 4.2.3 Legislation Related to Potable Water Collection and Distribution.........28 4.2.4 Legislation Related to Water Exploration and Usage .............................28 4.2.5 Legislation Related to Water Quality Preservation.................................29 4.3. Institutional Framework of the Water Sector in Lebanon ..............................30 4.3.1 Ministry of Energy and Water (MoEW)...................................................30 4.3.2 Water and Wastewater Establishments....................................................31 4.3.3 Litani River National Authority (LRA) ....................................................32 4.3.4 Ministry of Environment (MoE)...............................................................32 4.3.5 Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) ..........................................................33 4.3.6 Ministry of Public Works (MoPW) ..........................................................34 4.3.7 Municipalities ..........................................................................................34 4.3.8 Other Concerned Stakeholders................................................................34 4.4. Outlook ...........................................................................................................35 5. WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE CAMP AREA .......39 5.1. Delineation of the CAMP Area ......................................................................39 5.2. Institutional Setting and Water Infrastructure ................................................40 5.3. Meteorological Setting...................................................................................41 5.4. Surface Water in CAMP Area........................................................................41 5.5. Ground Water in CAMP Area........................................................................46 5.5.1 Aquifers....................................................................................................46 5.5.2 Hydrogeological Provinces .....................................................................49 ARD iii CAMP Project - Lebanon IWRM – Final Report 5.5.3 Groundwater Wells in the CAMP Area ...................................................51 5.5.4 Springs in the CAMP Area.......................................................................54 5.6. Water in CAMP Area: Need for Action .........................................................55 6. WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN DAMOUR.......................56 6.1. Facts and Figures............................................................................................56 6.2. Water Resources Management in Damour.....................................................56