Landslide Hazard Rating Matrix and Database Vol. 2 of 2 A Manual for Landslide Inventory Robert Y. Liang, Ph.D., P.E. for the Ohio Department of Transportation Office of Research and Development and the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration State Job Number 134165 Final Report FHWA/OH-2007/18 December, 2007 1 Landslide Hazard Rating Matrix and Database Vol. 2 of 2 A Manual for Landslide Inventory Robert Y. Liang, Ph.D., P.E. 431 ASEC, Civil Engineering Department University of Akron Akron, OH 44325 Credit Reference: Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Disclaimer Statement: The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Ohio Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation. December 2007 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………... vi LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………….... xii CHAPTER I. INRODUCTION……………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 INRODUCTION ………………………………...…………….................. 1 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THIS MANUAL……………...…………….................. 1 1.3 BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM…………………………………………... 2 1.4 IMPLEMENTATION…………………………………………………….. 2 1.5 LIMITATIONS………………………………………………………........ 2 CHAPTER II. LANDSLIDE INVENTORY…………………………………………………. 4 2.1 LANDSLIDE RECONNAISSANCE FORM…………………………….. 4 2.2 COMPONENTS OF LANDSLIDE RECONNAISSANCE FORM……... 4 2.2.1 LANDSLIDE OBSERVATION REPORT…………………...... 7 2.2.2 LANDSLIDE RECONNAISSANCE FORM PART A………... 7 2.2.3 LANDSLIDE RECONNAISSANCE FORM PART B………... 23 2.2.4 LANDSLIDE RECONNAISSANCE FORM PART C………... 24 2.3 ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATION FOR SLOPE FAILURE RECONNAISSANCE…………………………………………………..... 26 i CHAPTER III. LANDSLIDE HAZARD RATING SYSTEM.................................................. 28 3.1 OVERVIEW................................................................................................ 28 3.2 LANDSLIDE HAZARD POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT............................ 28 3.2.1 MOVEMENT LOCATION AND ITS IMPACT……………… 31 3.2.2 HAZARD TO TRAVELING PUBLIC………………………… 36 3.2.3 MAINTENANCE …………………………………………… 40 3.2.4 DECISION SIGHT DISTANCE (DSD)……………………….. 43 3.2.5 AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC (ADT)……………………….... 48 3.2.6 ACCIDENT HISTORY……………………………………… 49 CHAPTER IV. LANDSLIDE RISK ASSESSMENT EXAMPLES………………………….. 51 4.1 OBJECTIVE OF LANDSIDE RATING EXERCISE……………………. 51 4.2 EXAMPLE 1…………………………...…………………………...……. 51 4.2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION………………………………………….. 51 4.2.2 RISK ASSESSMENT………………………………………….. 53 4.3 EXAMPLE 2………………………...…………………………………… 60 4.3.1 SITE DESCRIPTION………………………………………….. 60 4.3.2 RISK ASSESSMENT………………………………………….. 60 4.4 EXAMPLE 3………………………………………...………………….... 65 4.3.1 SITE DESCRIPTION………………………………………….. 65 4.4.2 RISK ASSESSMENT………………………………………….. 66 ii CHAPTER V. GIS DATABASE AND ACCESS VIA INTERNET 70 5.1 OVERVIEW……………………………………………………………… 70 5.2 USER LOGIN AND PRIVILEGES……………………………………… 70 5.3 COMPONENTS OF DATABASE AND THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES... 73 5.4 DATA MANAGEMENT………………………………………………… 74 5.4.1 DATA QUERY………………………………………………… 75 5.4.1.1 PART A LIST………………………………………... 76 5.4.1.2 PART B LIST………………………………………... 80 5.4.1.3 PART C LIST………………………………………... 81 5.4.1.4 INSPECTION...……………………………………… 82 5.4.1.5 DATA QUERY……………………………………… 82 5.4.2 FILE MANAGEMENT …...…………………………………... 82 5.5 SHAPFILE UPDATE ……….…………….……………………………... 85 5.6 SYSTEM MANAGEMENT……………………………………………… 87 5.6.1 USER MANAGEMENT……………………………………….. 87 5.6.1.1 USER MANAGE…………………………………….. 88 5.6.1.2 GROUP MANAGE………………………………….. 90 5.6.2 RESOURCE ………………….………………………………... 94 5.6.2.1 PERMISSION MANAGE…………………………… 94 5.6.3 PAGE MANAGEMENT………………………………………. 98 5.6.3.1 TAB MANAGE……………………………………… 99 5.6.3.2 BAR MANAGE……………………………………… 102 iii 5.6.3.3 ITEM MANAGE…………………………………….. 104 5.6.4 REGIONS …………………………………………………….. 105 DISTRICT MANAGE………………………………. 106 COUNTY MANAGE………………………………. 107 5.6.5 DETOUR COST …………………………………………….. 109 5.7 GIS QUERY……………………………………………………………… 109 5.7.1 GIS QUERY FEATURES……………………………………... 110 5.8 USER FORUM…………………………………………………………… 111 5.8.1 BUG REPORT ………….……………………………………... 112 5.8.2 SUGGESTIONS……….……………………………………... 113 CHAPTER VI. USING ARCPAD AND WINDOW CE FOR LANDSLIDE DATA 115 COLLECTION……………………………………………………………….. 6.1 OVERVIEW……………………………………………………………… 115 6.2 SETTING THE DATA PATH…………………………………………… 115 6.3 SETTING THE COMMUMICATION BETWEEN ARCPAD AND GPS 117 6.4 ACTIVATING THE GPS………………………………………………… 119 6.5 ADDING LAYERS………………………………………………………. 120 6.6 TURNING A LAYER’S VISIBILITY ON OR OFF……………………. 121 6.7 USING THE LANDSLIDE FIELD RECONNAISSANCE FORM IN 122 ARCPAD……………………………………………………...………….. 6.8 UPDATING THE DATABASE USING THE INFORMATION COLLECTED BY ARCPAD…………………………………………….. 125 iv APPENDIX A. LANDSLIDE FIELD RECONNAISANCE FORM………………………….. 126 B. OBSERVATION TIPS……………………………………………………….. 147 C. SOME ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS AND TERMS………………………. 157 D. ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES OF LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT... 176 E. THE COLLECTED DATA AND SITE SKETCHES OF EXERCISE EXAMPLES PROVIDED IN CHAPTER IV………………………………… 205 F. CONTACTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION…………………… 236 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2.1 Landslide reconnaissance processes…………………………………… 5 2.2 Misalignment of power line……………………………………………. 10 2.3 Misalignment of drainage channel…………………………………….. 11 2.4 Separation of slope and bridge structure………………………………. 11 2.5 Tension cracks on road………………………………………………… 12 2.6 Sunken guardrail………………………………………………………..12 2.7 Failure of earth retaining structure…………………………………….. 13 2.8 Determination of the NLFID code…………………………………….. 14 2.9 BMP, EMP and Centroid of a landslide site…………………………... 16 2.10 Distance from the toe to the edge of mud wave (McGuffy, 1991)…….. 18 2.11 Depth of the failure surface estimated from trees with deep roots (McGuffy, 1991)……………………………………………………….. 18 2.12 “Non-rated” slope……………………………………………………… 21 2.13 “Rated” slope…………………………………………………………... 22 2.14 Displacement of retaining wall and standing water behind the wall…... 22 2.15 Another example of “rated” slope……………………………………… 23 3.1 The slope failure above and below the roadway………………………. 31 3.2 Slope with high potential to affect the roadway……………………….. 33 3.3 Distance from head scarp to roadway…………………………………. 33 3.4 Impact on roadway shoulder with potential to affect roadway………... 34 vi LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 3.5 Landslide with low potential to impact shoulder………………………. 35 3.6 Impact of slope movement to a structure………………………………. 35 3.7 Displacement or cracks more than 3”, receiving a risk score of 81……. 38 3.8 Displacement less than 1”, receiving a risk score of 9 points………….. 38 3.9 Roadway undulation/dip, receiving a risk score of 81…………………. 39 3.10 Roadway undulation/dip, receiving a risk score of 81…………………. 39 3.11 Separation of the slope and a bridge structure…………………………. 41 42 3.12 Effect of a slope failure to the stability of a bridge structure that requires immediate response…………………………………………. 3.13 Newly paved roadway surface with evidence of failure that may not be 42 obvious to the investigator…………………………………………….. 3.14 Sight distance measurement (straight roadway)……………………….. 44 3.15 Sight distance measurement (vertical curve roadway)………………… 44 3.16 Sight distance measurement (horizontal curve roadway)……………… 45 3.17 Example of a horizontal curve that could hide the slope hazard on road 47 ahead…………………………………………………………………… 3.18 A restrict sight distance due to vertical curve…………………………. 47 3.19 ADT map………………………………………………………………. 49 4.1 Northbound lane direction…………………………………………….. 52 4.2 Southbound lane direction……………………………………………... 53 vii LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 4.3 Separation between embankment and bridge structure………………… 54 4.4 Cracks at the bridge foundation………………………………………... 55 4.5 Location of six-inch object…………………………………………….. 57 4.6 A traffic map for example 1……………………………………………. 58 4.7 Cracks on roadway shoulder and displacements of guardrails………… 62 4.8 Guardrail movement, location of catch basin………………………….. 62 4.9 Lake at the toe of embankment………………………………………… 63 4.10 A traffic map for example 2……………………………………………. 63 4.11 Crack line on pavement………………………………………………… 65 4.12 Surface patching and transverse cracks………………………………... 66 4.13 A traffic map for example 3……………………………………………. 68 5.1 Database components………………………………………………….. 71 5.2 User login window……………………………………………………... 74 5.3 Front page……………………………………………………………… 74 5.4 Data query……………………………………………………………… 76 5.5 Part A List……………………………………………………………… 78 5.6 Associate and disassociate pictures with a site (1)……………..……… 78 5.7 Associate and disassociate pictures with a site (2)……………..……… 78 5.8 Schedule report………………………………………………………… 79 5.9 Part B Data…………………………………………………………….. 80 viii LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 5.10 Part C Data…………………………………………………………….. 80 5.11 Part B List……………………………………………………………… 81 5.12 Part C List……………………………………………………………… 81 5.13 DataQuery Window……………………………………………………. 82 5.14 Picture manage………………………………………………………… 84 5.15 List of pictures in database…………………………………………….. 84 5.16 Uploading picture……………………………………………………… 84 5.17 ShapeFile Update……………………………………………………….. 85 5.18 ShapeFile Manage …………………………………………………… 85 5.19 Shapefile upload window………………………………………………. 86 5.20 Download shapefiles (1)………………………………………………... 86 5.21 Download shapefiles (2)………………………………………………... 87 5.22 User Management………………………………………………………