CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers in 2012 Executive summary Executive summary The European Environment Agency (EEA) supports State data, as verified by manufacturers (4), this note the European Commission in the monitoring of the provides an overview of the performance of car CO2 performance of passenger cars, in accordance manufacturers in meeting their CO2 emission targets. with Regulation (EC) 443/2009. This regulation sets a 1 CO2 'specific emission' ( ) target of 130 g CO2/km The main findings are: by 2015, defined as the average value for each manufacturer's fleet of newly registered passenger • the average specific emissions of the new 2 cars in the EU in that year ( ). The 2015 target is being European fleet in 2012 is 132.2 g CO2/km, phased in gradually from 2012. Starting from this a reduction of 2.6 % compared to 2011; year, a specific binding CO2 target has been calculated for each manufacturer based on the average mass of • the difference between preliminary average its fleet (Annex 1). specific emissions (the emissions data reported by each of the Member States) and final average A long-term target of 95 g CO2/km has been set for specific emissions data (the emissions data after 2020. The modalities for compliance with that target any corrections made by the manufacturers — will be determined by the legislators in the on-going see footnote 4) is negligible (< 0.01 g CO2/km); review of the regulation. • the average mass of the fleet is 1 402 kg, the In order to evaluate the progress of manufacturers heaviest observed in the last three years; towards their targets, the EEA has collected and quality-checked data on CO2 emissions from • data collected reveal that in 2012 the majority of passenger cars registered in all Member States of the the car manufacturers respect their CO2 emission European Union (3) since 2010. Using the Member targets set for 2012. (1) In this context 'specific emissions' means 'emissions per vehicle kilometre'. (2) For the purposes of calculating this average, manufacturers are permitted under the regulation to form pools with other manufacturers. In the event that a pool is formed, the average value is calculated based on all the cars sold in a given year by the manufacturers in that pool. (3) Data for 2012 were delivered by Croatia, but because the country did not join the European Union until 2013, the Croatian data are not included in this year's report. The Croatian data will only be included starting from 2014 — the first full calendar year in which Croatia is a Member State of the EU. (4) Data on average specific emissions is provided to the EEA and the Commission by EU Member States. These preliminary data are then submitted to manufacturers, who have three months to notify the Commission if they notice errors with the data. The Commission then considers any notifications from the manufacturer and either confirms or amends the preliminary data. These amended/confirmed data are known as final average specific emissions. CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers in 2012 3 Calculating the CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers 1 Calculating the CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers To reduce CO2 emissions in the road transport 1.1 CO2 average specific emissions sector, the European Parliament and the Council adopted Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, which Average specific emissions of CO2 are calculated introduced mandatory CO2 emission performance as a weighted average of the manufacturer's fleet standards for new passenger cars. registered in a particular year. The regulation stipulates that several adjustments to the average The regulation sets a CO2-specific emission target specific emissions for each manufacturer must also of 130 g CO2/km by 2015, defined as the average be considered (Table 1.1). This is in order to take into value for the fleet of newly registered passenger account the following modalities: cars in the EU. For the period until 2015, the modalities of compliance with the targets have • phase-in; been established and are presented in this chapter. A long-term target of 95 g CO2/km has been set • super-credits; for 2020. The modalities for compliance with that target will be determined by the legislators in the • E85 extra credits; on-going review of the regulation. The review was initiated in July 2012 with a proposal to amend the • eco-innovations. regulation. The progress of manufacturers in meeting Phase-in these targets is evaluated on an annual basis by calculating the following three parameters: A phase-in schedule applies for calculating average specific emissions. During the period 2012–2014, 1. CO2 average specific emissions; only a certain percentage (65 % in 2012, 75 % in 2013, and 80 % in 2014) of the best-performing registered 2. the specific CO2 emission target; cars will be taken into account in determining the performance of manufacturers. For 2015, 100 % of 3. the difference between the average specific the new cars of each manufacturer will be taken into emissions and the specific emission target. account. The data used for the calculations of these parameters are collected each year by Member Super-credits States, based on registrations of new passenger cars. The data were submitted by all Member The regulation foresees the allocation of States by the deadline of 28 February 2013. super-credits for new passenger cars with CO2 Once transmitted to the European Commission emissions lower than 50 g CO2/km. These vehicles and the EEA, the data were communicated are given a greater weight in calculating the average to manufacturers at the end of April 2013 for specific emissions as they are considered equivalent verification. Forty manufacturers (representing to 3.5 cars in 2012 and 2013, 2.5 cars in 2014, 1.5 cars 74.5 % of the total registrations) verified the data in in 2015, and 1 car in 2016. depth, and notified the Commission of any errors. Eight manufacturers accepted the preliminary data without corrections. E85 extra credits The European Commission has assessed the Additional reductions of average specific manufacturers' corrections, and, where justified, emissions are assigned for vehicles capable of taken them into account for the calculation of running on a mixture of petrol with 85 % ethanol their average CO2 emissions and specific emission ('E85'). Until 2015, the emissions of these vehicles targets. This note presents the final data for the will be counted as being 5 % less than their year 2012, after manufacturers' notifications, and actual emissions in recognition of their ability after the Commission decision concerning their to reduce emissions when running on biofuels. validity. This reduction can be applied only where at least 4 CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers in 2012 Calculating the CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers 30 % of the filling stations in the Member State in This means that if the average mass of a which the vehicle is registered provide this type manufacturer's cars in a given year is 1 472 kg, the of alternative fuel. In 2012 this applied only in the target for that manufacturer is 134.57 g CO2/km. If case of Sweden. the average mass of the cars is 1 272 kg, the target will be 125.43 g CO2/km. Eco-innovations The manufacturer complies with its specific emission target if its average specific emissions Certain innovative technologies cannot demonstrate (taking into account all the relevant adjustments) are their CO2-reducing effects under the current type lower than the target. approval test procedure. In order to support technical development, a manufacturer or supplier This formula aims to guarantee undistorted can apply to the Commission for the approval competition between manufacturers while taking of such innovative technologies. The approval into account their differences. conditions are set out in Commission Regulation (EU) 725/2011. If a manufacturer fits its car fleet with an approved eco-innovation, the average emissions Pools of that vehicle may be counted as being a maximum of 7 g CO2/km less than it actually is. 2013 was the Manufacturers may form a pool with other first year that eco-innovations were submitted to manufacturers in order to have a common target. the Commission, and so far, four eco-innovations In this case, the binding target will be the pool target have been approved in 2013. One eco-innovation (calculated on the basis of the whole fleet of the pool is currently being assessed. It is expected that the registered that year). There were 12 pools declared first vehicles with eco-innovations will be registered with regard to the 2012 targets (Table 1.2). in 2013 and should therefore be considered in the calculation of the 2013 target to be published next year. Derogations Manufacturers selling fewer than 10 000 vehicles 1.2 Specific emission targets per year can apply for a derogation. In this case, a specific emission target consistent with the Each manufacturer has its individual annual target, manufacturer's economic and technological potential calculated on the basis of the 'mass in running to reduce specific CO2 emissions can be granted. order' (5) of the registered cars. The following For the year 2012 the Commission has granted formula applies: 19 derogations. Specific emissions of CO2 = 130 + a × (M – M0) (1) Niche derogations Where: Special niche derogations are foreseen for M is the average mass of the manufacturer's manufacturers responsible for between 10 000 and fleet in kilograms (kg) 300 000 new vehicle registrations. In this case, a special target is established, corresponding to a M0 is the reference mass (1 372.0 kg) 25 % reduction compared to the average specific emissions of that manufacturer in 2007.