View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv Kabel-TV-distributionen i Sverige ur ett yttrandefrihetsperspektiv InnehŒllsfšrteckning 1 Inledning..................................................................................................................7 1.1 Bakgrund ..........................................................................................................7 1.2 Syfte..................................................................................................................7 1.2.1 ProblemstŠllning........................................................................................8 1.3 Disposition........................................................................................................8 1.4 Terminologi......................................................................................................9 1.5 KŠllor................................................................................................................9 1.6 AvgrŠnsningar ................................................................................................10 2 Distribution via marknŠtet.....................................................................................10 2.1 Teknisk beskrivning .......................................................................................10 2.2 Public service .................................................................................................11 2.2.1 Bakgrund .................................................................................................11 2.2.2 Begreppet public service .........................................................................11 2.2.3 Innebšrden av public service idag...........................................................12 2.3 Monopolsituation............................................................................................12 3 Mottagning och spridning i kabel av program frŒn telesatelliter ..........................12 3.1 SatellitsŠndningar...........................................................................................13 3.1.1 Bakgrund .................................................................................................13 3.1.2 Teknisk beskrivning ................................................................................13 3.1.3 Fšrdelar gentemot tidigare teknik ...........................................................13 3.1.4 Expansion................................................................................................14 3.2 Kabel-TV........................................................................................................14 3.2.1 Bakgrund .................................................................................................14 3.2.2 Syftet med att sŠnda i kabel.....................................................................15 3.2.3 Teknisk beskrivning ................................................................................15 3.2.4 Roller som kan urskiljas i kabel-TV-verksamheten................................15 3.2.5 VidaresŠndning och ursprunglig sŠndning..............................................15 3.2.6 Andel hushŒll anslutna till kabel-TV.......................................................16 3.2.7 Kostnader och avgifter fšr kabel-TV ......................................................16 3.2.8 Kabel-TV-bolagen...................................................................................16 3.2.8.1 Telia InfoMedia Television AB .......................................................16 3.2.8.2 Kabelvision.......................................................................................17 3.2.8.3 StjŠrnTV...........................................................................................17 3.2.8.4 Sweden on Line................................................................................17 3.2.9 Avsaknad av konkurrens mellan bolagen................................................17 4 Den digitala TV-tekniken......................................................................................18 4.1 Teknisk beskrivning .......................................................................................18 1 4.1.1 Bakgrund .................................................................................................18 4.1.2 Tekniska fšrutsŠttningar..........................................................................18 4.1.3 Konsekvenser ..........................................................................................19 4.2 Digital marksŠnd TV......................................................................................19 4.3 Digital kabel-TV.............................................................................................20 4.3.1 Bakgrund .................................................................................................20 4.3.2 PŒbšrjande av digitaliseringen ................................................................20 5 Den rŠttsliga regleringen .......................................................................................21 5.1 Yttrandefriheten i Regeringsformen...............................................................21 5.2 Yttrandefriheten i Europakonventionen.........................................................22 5.3 Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen..............................................................................22 5.3.1 Bakgrund och tillkomst ...........................................................................22 5.3.2 Innebšrden av yttrandefrihet ...................................................................23 5.3.3. Lagens syfte............................................................................................23 5.3.4. Lagens tillŠmpningsomrŒde ...................................................................23 5.3.5 FšrhŒllandet till RF och Europakonventionen ........................................24 5.3.6 GrundlŠggande principer.........................................................................25 5.3.6.1 Meddelar- och anskaffarfrihet..........................................................25 5.3.6.2 Fšrbud mot censur och andra hindrande ŒtgŠrder............................25 5.3.6.3 Skydd fšr individuell mottagning.....................................................25 5.3.6.4 Skydd fšr rŠtten att anlŠgga trŒdnŠt .................................................25 5.3.6.5 Exklusivitet.......................................................................................25 5.3.6.6 KŠllskydd..........................................................................................25 5.3.6.7 Skydd fšr vidaresŠndning av utlŠndska program.............................26 5.3.6.8 Etableringsfrihet...............................................................................26 5.3.6.9 MŒlsŠttningsstadgandet ....................................................................26 5.3.6.10 Skydd fšr programfšretagens redaktionella sjŠlvstŠndighet..........26 5.3.6.11 Brottskatalogen...............................................................................26 5.3.6.12 Ensamansvar...................................................................................27 5.3.6.13 SŠrskild rŠttegŒngsordning med jury..............................................27 5.3.7 Fšljdlagstiftning till YGL........................................................................27 5.4 Direktivet fšr grŠnsšverskridande television - direktiv (89/552/EEG) och direktiv (97/36/EG) ..............................................................................................27 5.4.1 Bakgrund och tillkomst ...........................................................................27 5.4.2 TV-direktivets syfte.................................................................................28 5.4.3 TillŠmplighetsomrŒde..............................................................................28 5.4.4 Regler om TV-sŠndningarnas innehŒll....................................................28 5.4.5 FšrhŒllandet till svensk lagstiftning ........................................................29 5.4.6 GrundlŠggande principer.........................................................................29 5.4.6.1 SŠndarlandsprincipen .......................................................................29 5.4.6.2 Principen om fri ršrlighet.................................................................29 2 5.4.6.3 Principen om minimireglering..........................................................29 5.5 Radio- och TV- lagen.....................................................................................30 5.5.1 Bakgrund och tillkomst ...........................................................................30 5.5.2 Lagens syfte.............................................................................................30 5.5.3 Lagens tillŠmpningsomrŒde ....................................................................30 5.5.4 FšrhŒllandet till YGL..............................................................................31 5.5.5 Relevant lagtext.......................................................................................31 5.5.5.1 TillstŒnd och registrering..................................................................31 5.5.5.2 SŠndningar med tillstŒnd av regeringen...........................................31 5.5.5.3 VidaresŠndningar i kabelnŠt.............................................................32