PORT DEPARTMENT 2018 MULTI-FACILITY EMISSIONS INVENTORY JANUARY 2020 Prepared for: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Prepared by: Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC P.O. Box 434 Poulsbo, WA 98370 2018 MULTI-FACILITY EMISSIONS INVENTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................ES-1 ES.1 Trends in Emissions ............................................................................................................ES-1 ES.2 Emission Estimates and Comparison to Regional Emissions ......................................ES-4 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Approach ....................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Pollutants ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Facilities ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.3 Major Changes in 2018 ......................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Report Organization by Section ................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Summary of Results...................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Overall Comparison of PANYNJ Emissions .......................................................................... 5 1.5 Comparison of 2018 Emissions with Earlier Emissions Inventories ................................... 8 SECTION 2: CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT ............................................................................... 11 2.1 Emission Estimates .................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Cargo Handling Equipment Emission Comparisons ............................................................ 13 2.2.1 Comparisons with County and Regional Emissions ............................................................... 13 2.2.2 Comparisons with Prior Year Emission Estimates................................................................ 16 2.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.2 Emission Estimating Model ................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Description of Cargo Handling Equipment ........................................................................... 19 SECTION 3: HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL VEHICLES ............................................................................... 23 3.1 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Emission Estimates ................................................................... 23 3.1.1 On-Terminal Emissions ....................................................................................................... 24 3.1.2 On-Road Emissions ............................................................................................................. 25 3.2 HDDV Emission Comparisons by County and Region....................................................... 25 3.2.1 Comparisons with County and Regional Emissions ............................................................... 26 3.2.2 Comparisons with Prior Year Emission Estimates................................................................ 27 3.3 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Emission Calculation Methodology ........................................ 30 3.3.1 Data Acquisition ................................................................................................................. 31 3.3.2 Emission Estimating Methodology ........................................................................................ 33 3.4 Description of Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles .......................................................................... 36 3.4.1 Operational Modes ............................................................................................................... 36 3.4.2 Vehicle Types ....................................................................................................................... 37 ii 2018 MULTI-FACILITY EMISSIONS INVENTORY SECTION 4: RAIL LOCOMOTIVES ..................................................................................................... 39 4.1 Locomotive Emission Estimates.............................................................................................. 39 4.2 Locomotive Emission Comparisons ....................................................................................... 40 4.2.1 Comparisons with County and Regional Emissions ............................................................... 40 4.2.2 Comparisons with Prior Year Emission Estimates................................................................ 43 4.3 Locomotive Emission Calculation Methodology .................................................................. 44 4.3.1 Line Haul Emissions ........................................................................................................... 44 4.3.2 Switching Emissions ............................................................................................................. 49 4.4 Description of Locomotives ..................................................................................................... 51 4.4.1 Operational Modes ............................................................................................................... 51 4.4.2 Locomotives .......................................................................................................................... 52 SECTION 5: COMMERCIAL MARINE VESSELS ................................................................................. 54 5.1 CMV Emission Estimates ......................................................................................................... 55 5.2 CMV Emission Comparisons ................................................................................................... 57 5.2.1 Ocean Going Vessel Emission Comparisons with County and Regional Emissions ............... 57 5.2.2 Tug and Tow Boat Emission Comparisons with County and Regional Emissions ................. 60 5.2.3 Comparison of OGV Emissions with Prior Year Emission Estimates ................................. 61 5.3 CMV Emission Calculation Methodology .............................................................................. 65 5.3.1 Data Sources ........................................................................................................................ 65 5.3.1.1 Ocean-Going Vessels .................................................................................................... 66 5.3.1.2 Assist Tugs (Harbor Craft) .......................................................................................... 69 5.3.1.3 Towboats/Pushboats (Harbor Craft) ............................................................................ 69 5.3.2 Emission Estimating Methodology ........................................................................................ 69 5.3.2.1 OGV Main Engines ................................................................................................... 70 5.3.2.2 OGV Fuel Correction Factors and Emission Factors ................................................... 70 5.3.2.3 OGV Auxiliary Engines Load Defaults ..................................................................... 72 5.3.2.4 OGV Auxiliary Boilers .............................................................................................. 74 5.3.2.5 Assist Tugs, Towboats, Pushboats (Harbor Craft)........................................................ 76 5.4 Description of Marine Vessels and Vessel Activity ............................................................... 78 5.4.1 Ocean-Going Vessels ............................................................................................................ 78 5.4.2 Assist Tugs, Towboats, Pushboats ........................................................................................ 81 iii 2018 MULTI-FACILITY EMISSIONS INVENTORY LIST OF FIGURES Figure ES.1: Port Related Emissions Relative to TEU Throughput .................................... ES-1 Figure ES.2: Map of 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Areas for New York, Northern New Jersey, Long Island, and Connecticut ......................................................................................... ES-4 Figure ES.3: Map of NYNJLINA Counties Included in Regional Comparison ................ ES-5 Figure ES.4: Mobile Source Emissions at PANYNJ Marine Terminals Contribution to NYNJLINA and Local Air Emissions ....................................................................................... ES-7 Figure 1.1: Location of the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey Marine Terminals ... 3 Figure 1.2: Mobile Source Emissions at PANYNJ Marine Terminals Contribution to NYNJLINA and Local Air Emissions .............................................................................................. 6 Figure