oribatid mites in the flevopark in amsterdam (acari: oribatida) Salih Doğan, Nusret Ayyıldız, Farid Faraji, Sibel Dilkaraoğlu, Erhan Zeytun & Firdevs Ersin The Flevopark is one of the most special green areas of Amsterdam with a rich nature. Twelve oribatid mite species were collected here in 2014 from bark and mosses on trees. Liacarus acutus and Perlohmannia dissimilis are reported for the first time from the Netherlands. It is not clear if the newly recorded species have always been overlooked or are recent immigrants. introduction Acariformes (Krantz & Walter 200, Yalçın et al. Mites (Acari) are small arthropods. They form an 203). Oribatids belong to the soil fauna, being extremely diverse and abundant group of arachnids actively involved in the decomposition of organic with approximately 55,000 species worldwide matter, nutrient cycles and soil formation. The (Doğan et al. 2003, Krantz & Walter 200). They active instars feed on a variety of resources, in- have successfully adapted to a wide range of cluding living and dead plant and fungal material, habitats from the sea and freshwater to all terrestrial lichens and carrion; some are predaceous, but habitats (Eisenbeis 2006, Gulvik 2007, Doğan et none are parasitic (without the Astigmatina, now al. 205). considered as a part of the Oribatida) (Ocak et al. 2008, Krantz & Walter 200). Oribatids have Oribatida, also known as moss mites, armoured proven useful as bioindicators, especially of heavy mites or beetle mites, is a suborder of mites, in metal pollution (Siepel 5, Walter et al. 203). the order Sarcoptiformes within the superorder They are probably the most numerous of the soil Figure -2. Liacarus (Dorycranosus) acutus, . dorsal view, 2. ventral view. Photos Salih Doğan & Hasan Hüseyin Özbek. Figuur -2. Liacarus (Dorycranosus) acutus, . dorsaal, 2. ventraal. Foto’s Salih Doğan & Hasan Hüseyin µm Özbek. 200 1 2 dog˘an et al. ‒ oribatid mites in flevopark Table . Oribatid mites found in the Flevopark in Amsterdam. Tabel . Mosmijten aangetroffen in het Flevopark in Amsterdam. Hypochthoniidae Hypochthonius rufulus Koch, 835 Nothridae Northrus anauniensis Canestrini & Fanzago, 876 Northrus pratensis Sellnick, 2 Oribatellidae Oribatella quadricornuta (Michael, 880) Tectocepheidae Tectocepheus alatus Berlese, 3 Liacaridae Liacarus acutus Pschorn-Walcher, 5 Achipteriidae Achipteria coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 758) Perlohmanniidae Perlohmannia dissimilis (Hewitt, 08) Punctoribatidae Punctoribates spec. Euphthiracaridae Acrotritia ardua (Koch, 84) Phthiracaridae Phthiracaridae spec. Oppiidae Oppiidae spec. mites, with more than 0,000 species being listed specimens were examined and identified with worldwide (Subías et al. 202). the aid of a Leica dm 4000 b phase contrast and Olympus b×63 di microscopes. Materials The city of Amsterdam is situated in a green zone examined are deposited in the collection of the in the province of North Holland, and is some- Acarology Laboratories of Erzincan University, times referred to as the greenest city in Europe. It Turkey. is home to a large variety of fauna and flora. There are 28 parks in Amsterdam. The Flevopark, located results on the eastern boundary of Amsterdam, is one of the greenest areas of the city (fig. 3, 4). Con- During this study a total of 2 oribatid species struction of the Flevopark started in 28. In have been collected from the samples: nine iden- those days, the area was part of a large polder, a tified species belonging to eight families, one marshland reclaimed in 63. This city park has a unidentified species of the genus Punctoribates in very high biodiversity, and is very important to the family Punctoribatidae and one undetermined the urban ecological structure (Vereniging genus in each of the families Phthiracaridae and Flevopark 204). Oppiidae (table ). Of these species, Liacarus acutus and Perlohmannia dissimilis are new records The mite fauna of the Flevopark is poorly inves- for the Dutch fauna. tigated. With our study on oribatid mite fauna we want to contribute to the knowledge of the biological diversity of Amsterdam. The study Liacarus (Dorycranosus) acutus Pschorn- materials were collected from bark and mosses Walcher, 1951 (fig. 1, 2) on trees at the Flevopark in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 23 September 204 and 4 October The genus Liacarus comprises four subgenera, 204, collected by first and last author. Methods including Dorycranosus. The humeral region of used for the collection, extraction and prepara- this species has two pairs of setae (c1 and c2), tion of the mite specimens followed Doğan & placed near each other; the bothridial seta are Ayyıldız (2003) and Doğan (2006). The mite claviform; the cuspidium with an internal, well 2 nistise mededelingen 45 ‒ 205 Figure 3. Location of the Flevopark. Illustration Ozan Arif Kesik. Figuur 3. Locatie van het Flevopark. Illustratie Ozan Arif Kesik. Figure 4. Flevopark, habitat of the two newly recorded mite species. Photos Salih Doğan. Figuur 4. Flevopark, leefgebied van de twee nieuwe mijten. Foto’s Salih Doğan. and sharply developed tip; the setae le inserted been recorded in the Balkan Peninsula and Russia away from the end of the tip. The morphology of (Mahunka & Mahunka-Papp 2008, Ermilov 202, the juvenile was studied by Ermilov (202). Mahunka et al. 203). We found eight specimens, which represent the first record for the Nether- This species occurs mainly in forest soil (Weig- lands (Van der Hammen 52, Siepel et al. 200, mann 2006). Liacarus acutus has a Western 202, Siepel & Dimmers 200). Palearctic distribution (Subías & Shtanchaeva 202, Subías et al. 202, 203), and has already dog˘an et al. ‒ oribatid mites in flevopark 3 Palaearctic and Oceanian distribution and is known from central and southern Europe, western Central Asia and east Asiatic Russia and Hawaii (Subías & Shtanchaeva 202, Subías et al. 202, 203) and in Europe has been recorded in Great Britain and Ireland (Luxton 6, Mortazavi Lahijani et al. 200, Arroyo et al. 203). This species is not reported in the lists of the oribatid mites of the Netherlands (Van der Hammen 52, Siepel et al. 200), nor in later works carried out in the country (Siepel et al. 202, Siepel & Dimmers 200). We found one specimen, which therefore is the first record from the Netherlands. discussion Determining urban mite diversity is important because human developments cause rapid change to natural lands, and great losses in biodiversity. Biodiversity conservation in urban environments 200 µm is possible by protecting green areas and adding biodiversity friendly habitats within urban land- Figure 5. Perlohmannia dissimilis. Photos Salih Doğan scapes (Steinke 204). & Hasan Hüseyin Özbek. Figuur 5. Perlohmannia dissimilis. Foto’s Salih Doğan & In this paper, we have found two new species for Hasan Hüseyin Özbek. the Netherlands: Liacarus acutus and Perloh- mannia dissimilis. This raises the total number of Oribatida species for the Netherlands to 338. Perlohmannia dissimilis (Hewitt, 1908) These new records indicate that the actual num- (fig. 5) ber of Oribatida species in the Netherlands might be much higher. This would demand further The rostrum is rounded frontally; the rostral setae studies by examining more habitats and locations. arise in a row; the lamellar setae are considerably shorter than the rostral setae and especially shorter Some oribatid species originate from southern than the interlamellar setae; the lateral rim of Europe and probably came in the Netherlands by notogaster is narrow; the setae of the median row transport of soil (as part of plant soil with park of the notogaster are shorter than the lateral and plants or trees), dispersal via other animals pygidial setae; the genital plate is longer than wide. (phoresy) or on air currents. Both new species have a southern distribution, but it is not possible This species occurs mainly on forest floors, on the to know if they entered the Netherlands aided by soil surface and in moss. It is considered meso- man. hydrophilic (Weigmann 2006, Arroyo et al. 203), also known to cause damage to the root systems acknowledgments of potato, strawberry and tulip and could be found on strawberries and tulips in greenhouses The senior author is very grateful to Maurice W. (Zhang 2003). Perlohmannia dissimilis has a Sabelis (†) and all other colleagues in mitox/ 4 nistise mededelingen 45 ‒ 205 Eurofins and Population Biology group, Institute Hammen, Van der L. 52. The Oribatei (Acari) of the of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (ibed), Netherlands. – Zoologische Verhandelingen 7: -3. University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. This Krantz, G.W. & D.E. Walter 200. A manual of work was prepared mainly from the material acarology. 3rd ed. – Lubbock, Texas Tech University collected within activities as part of the Erasmus + Press. Staff Mobility Program. We would like to thank Luxton, M. 6. Oribatid mites of the British Isles: both Erzincan and Amsterdam Universities’ Inter- a check-list and notes on biogeography (Acari: national Relations Offices. This study was partly Oribatida). – Journal of Natural History 30: 803-822. supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Mahunka, S. & L. Mahunka-Papp 2008. Faunistical Erzincan University (ebap), research project and taxonomical studies on oribatids collected in no. fen-e-4063-008. We thank Henk Siepel Albania (Acari: Oribatida), I. – Opuscula Zoologica (Wageningen University) for his critical review Budapest 37: 43-62. and valuable suggestions on the manuscript. Mahunka, S., E. Horváth & J. Kontschán 203. Oriba- tid