Oregon Appellate Courts Style Manual (Updated 2021) OREGON APPELLATE COURTS Style Manual (Updated 2021) Preface The Oregon Appellate Courts have adopted this style manual as a guideline for conventions used in format, citation, quotation, and style when writing opinions. It is not all-inclusive nor an attempt to dictate writing style. See ORAP 5.20(4) (referring to Style Manual as guide to conventions in style and citation). Sincere appreciation to all who added their time and talent to this project. For form and style questions not covered by this manual, please contact the OJD Publications Program ([email protected]). TABLE OF CONTENTS FORMATTING In General ....................................................................................................................................... 5 I. Title Page A. Date of Opinion ................................................................................................. 6 B. Identifying Caption of the Appellate Court Issuing the Opinion ...................... 6 C. Names and Roles of the Parties to the Case ...................................................... 6 D. Identification Numbers ...................................................................................... 6 E. En Banc .............................................................................................................. 7 F. Court / Agency of Origination ........................................................................... 7 G. Trial Court Judge ............................................................................................... 7 H. Argued and Submitted Date .............................................................................. 7 I. Names of Counsel .............................................................................................. 7 J. Panel of Judges / Justices .................................................................................... 7 K. Opinion Author(s) ............................................................................................. 7 L. Disposition of Case ........................................................................................... 8 M. Designation of Prevailing Party and Award of Costs ........................................ 8 II. Body of Opinion In General ........................................................................................................................... 9 A. General Format ............................................................................................... 10 B. Structural Tools ................................................................................................ 11 C. Writing Tools ................................................................................................... 14 CITATION In General ..................................................................................................................................... 15 I. Organization and Arrangement A. The Bluebook ................................................................................................... 16 B. Consistency of Citations .................................................................................. 16 C. Case Names ..................................................................................................... 16 D. Spaces and Abbreviations of Citations ............................................................ 17 E. String Citations ................................................................................................ 17 F. Signals ............................................................................................................. 17 G. Parenthetical Information ................................................................................ 18 II. Case Law A. Oregon–Full Citations ..................................................................................... 20 B. Oregon–Short Citations and Other Issues ....................................................... 25 C. Federal Jurisdictions ........................................................................................ 29 D. States Other Than Oregon ............................................................................... 31 E. Online Sources ................................................................................................. 32 III. Constitutional, Statutory, and Other Related Citations A. Oregon Citations ............................................................................................. 33 B. Federal Citations ............................................................................................. 45 2 IV. Periodical Articles, Books, Treatises, Restatements, Etc. In General ......................................................................................................................... 48 A. Periodical Articles ........................................................................................... 48 B. Books and Treatises ......................................................................................... 49 C. Restatements .................................................................................................... 51 D. Others .............................................................................................................. 51 QUOTATION In General ..................................................................................................................................... 52 I. Citations, Parenthetical Phrases, and Footnotes A. Placement ........................................................................................................ 53 B. Use of Parenthetical Phrases With Quotations Within Text ............................ 55 II. Use of Uppercase, Brackets, and Ellipsis Within Quotations A. Use of Uppercase ............................................................................................. 59 B. Use of Brackets ................................................................................................ 59 C. Use of Ellipsis .................................................................................................. 62 STYLE GUIDE In General ..................................................................................................................................... 66 Other Resources ........................................................................................................................... 66 I. Spelling, Font, and Treatment of Words A. Use of Italics and Roman Typeface ................................................................ 67 B. Use of Uppercase and Lowercase ................................................................... 68 C. Numbers and Dates ......................................................................................... 72 D. Acronyms / Initialisms ..................................................................................... 75 E. Titles and Offices ............................................................................................. 76 F. Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 76 II. Punctuation A. Apostrophes ..................................................................................................... 77 B. Colons .............................................................................................................. 78 C. Commas ........................................................................................................... 79 D. Dashes ............................................................................................................. 84 E. Hyphens .......................................................................................................... 85 F. Punctuating Lists ............................................................................................. 87 G. Punctuating Parenthetical Elements ................................................................ 88 H. Semicolons ...................................................................................................... 88 III. Word Usage and Conventions A. Word Pairs ....................................................................................................... 90 B. Word Functions .............................................................................................. 101 C. Word Usage .................................................................................................... 102 D. Variant Spellings ............................................................................................ 104 IV. Common Grammatical and Style Problems A. Collective Nouns ........................................................................................... 105 B. Parallel Construction ..................................................................................... 105 3 C. Passive Voice ................................................................................................ 105 D. Verbs ............................................................................................................. 106 E. Active Voice .................................................................................................. 107 F. Gender-Neutral Wording .............................................................................. 107 G. Informal or Technical Terminology .............................................................. 107 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................