Global Migration and Local Integration: Government Efforts to Integrate Immigrants in Houston, Seattle, and Raleigh May 2008 Authors Amelia Brown, Tanya De Mello, Astrid Garcia, Rolando Madrigal, Carrie Mauer, Aaron Spolin and Eri Toyoda Project Advisors Alicia Adsera and Marcela González Rivas Table of Contents Acronyms .........................................................................................................................................................................................3 Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................................4 Executive Summary........................................................................................................................................................................6 Section I: Terminology, Methodology, and City Overviews ....................................................................................................9 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................................................10 City Demographics .........................................................................................................................................................11 Section II: Educating Chiidren, Integrating Families .............................................................................................................17 Policies Toward LEP and Immigrant Students ..........................................................................................................18 District Programs and Policies for LEP and Immigrant Students and Families ...................................................21 Section III: Horizontal Initiatives to Integrate Immigrants ...................................................................................................35 Section IV: Next Steps and Lessons Learned ..........................................................................................................................37 Key Goals of Government Involvement in Immigrant Integration ..........................................................................39 Required Resources and Optimal Allocation ............................................................................................................39 Activities ..........................................................................................................................................................................43 Expected Outputs and Outcomes ................................................................................................................................44 Appendix: A First Look at Workforce and Housing ................................................................................................................46 Workforce ........................................................................................................................................................................46 Affordable Housing ........................................................................................................................................................52 Global Migration and Local Integration 1 Global Migration and Local Integration 2 Acronyms ACS American Community Survey BOCs Bilingual Orientation Centers DHIC Downtown Housing Improvement Coalition ELL English Language Learner ESL English as a Second Language GED General Education Development GLAD Guided Language Acquisition Design HACA Housing Authority for the City of Austin HATC Housing Authority of Travis County HCCDD Harris County Community and Development Department HCDD City of Houston Housing and Community Development Department HCHA Harris County Housing Authority HEP High School Equivalent Program HHA City of Houston Housing Authority HISD Houston Independent School District HUD US Department of Housing and Urban Development IDHA International District Housing Alliance IRC Seattle International Rescue Committee LEP Limited English Proficient LIHI Low Income Housing Institution LPACs Language Proficiency Assessment Committees MOIRA City of Houston Mayor’s Office of Immigrant and Refugee Affairs NCLB No Child Left Behind OED Seattle Office of Economic Development SIOP Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol SOH Seattle Office of Housing SPL Seattle Public Library SPS Seattle Public Schools TANF Temporary Assistance for Needy Families TELPAS Texas English Language Proficiency Assessment System Global Migration and Local Integration WCPSS Wake County Public School System WIA Workforce Investment Act of 1998 WLPT Washington Language Proficiency Test 3 Preface This report was prepared for the Migration Policy Institute in Washington, DC as part of a semester-long, graduate- level policy workshop at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs. The opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the authors. We wish to thank Alicia Adsera and Marcela González Rivas of Princeton University for leading the workshop that produced this report and for their adept guidance; Karen McGuinness and Melissa Lee of Princeton University for making the workshop and our field research possible; and Laureen Laglagaron, Margie McHugh, Michael Fix, and Demetri Papademetriou at the Migration Policy Institute for providing the original idea and plan for this project, as well as for offering intellectual and practical guidance throughout the research and writing of this report. We would also like to express our gratitude to the following people for sharing their expertise with us for this report: Matt Adams (Northwest Immigrant Rights Project, Seattle) Agnes Eldridge (Houston Independent School District) Maythia Airhart (Mayor’s Office, City of Seattle) Nancy Ellis (Caritas, Austin) Jennifer Alexander (Houston Independent School District) Tom Esparza (Austin Commission of Immigrant Affairs) Someireh Amirfaiz (Refugee Women’s Alliance, Seattle) Narcita Eugenio (Bilingual Family Center, Seattle) Terri Armstrong (Houston Independent School District) Darlene Flynn (Board of Education, City of Seattle) Gloria Arriagado (Wiley International Elementary Magnet John Forsyth (Seattle Housing Authority Mayor’s Office, School, Raleigh) Seattle) Vicki Asakura (NonProfit Assistance Center, Seattle) Trudy Freer-Alvarez (Houston Independent School District) Aileen Balahadia (Making Connections, Seattle) Lourdes Fuentes (Attorney, Seattle) Kim Bogucki (Seattle Police Department, Seattle) Theresa Fujiwara (Making Connections, Seattle) Erin Boone (Lake Hills Elementary School, Bellevue, Martha Garcia (Austin Independent School District) Washington) Yemane Gebremicael (Human Services, Mayor’s Office, City Evie Boynkin (City of Tukwila, Washington) of Seattle) Kevin Briand (Houston Independent School District) Susan Gehring (City of Austin) Judy Buckmaster (Lake Hills Elementary School, Bellevue, Gloria Gomez (AVANCE, Houston) Washington) Rosa Gonzalez-Decou (Houston Independent School District) Fred Carrigg (Academic Programs in Union City, New Jersey) Jean Grossman (Princeton University, New Jersey) Javier Castillo (LBA Technology, Greenville, North Carolina) Lisa Guitguit (YMCA of the Greater Houston Area) Pang Chang (Nonprofit Assistance Center, Seattle) Phouang Hamilton (Washington State Board of Education) Stella Chao (Department of Neighborhoods, Seattle) Andrea Harris (North Carolina Institute of Minority Rachel Coff (Travis County, Texas) Economic Development, Durham) Regina Crooms (Capital Area Workforce Development Board, Tim Hart (Wake County Public School System, North Raleigh) Carolina) Sara Curran (University of Washington at Seattle) Katherine Hempstead (State of New Jersey) Cary De la Osa (Office of the Governor, North Carolina) Joseph Henderson (Houston Independent School District) David Della (City Council, Mayor’s Office, Seattle) Shirin Herman (Houston Independent School District) Ticiang Diangson (Public Utilities, Mayor’s Office, City of Dora Hinojosa (AVANCE, Houston) Seattle) Charles Hirschman (University of Washington at Seattle) Gillian Dutton (Refugee and Immigrant Advocacy Project, Sylvia Hopkins (Houston Independent School District) Global Migration and Local Integration Seattle) Ngy Hul (Refugee Federation Service Center, Seattle) 4 Celeste Humphries (Houston Independent School District) Salvatore Petrolito (Houston Independent School District) Amber Hunter (Posada Esperanza, Austin) Annie Pennucci (Washington State Institute for Public Policy, Reagan Jackson (University of Washington at Seattle) Seattle) Pramila Jayapal (Hate Free Zone, Seattle) Joyce Pisnanont (International District Housing Alliance, Bob Johnson (International Rescue Committee, Seattle) Seattle) Benito Juarez (City of Houston) Al Poole (Casa Latina, Seattle) Paul Jurmo (Union County College, New Jersey) Adrienne Quinn (Office of Housing, Mayor’s Office, Seattle) David Kinsey (Princeton University, New Jersey) Tom Rasmussen (City Council, Mayor’s Office, Seattle) Gilja Koo (City of Austin) Cecilia Rawlins (Wiley International Elementary Magnet Nina Laboy (American Friends Services Committee, Seattle) School, Raleigh) Jacque Larrainzer (Office of Civil Rights, Mayor’s Office, Jason Reed (Washington State Coalition for Language Access, Seattle) Seattle) Matty Lazo-Chadderton (Office of the President Pro Alle Ries (La Casa de Don Pedro, New Jersey) Tempore,