FSC National Risk Assessment For Norway DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO PROCEDURE FSC-PRO-60-002 V3-0 Version V1-0 Code FSC-NRA-NO V1-0 National approval National decision body: The Norwegian FSC NRA - Working Group / Steinar Asakskogen Date: 31 January 2018 International approval FSC International Center: Performance and Standards Unit Date: 27 August 2018 International contact Name: Anand Punja – European Regional Director FSC International Email address: [email protected] Period of validity Date of approval: 27 August 2018 Valid until: (date of approval + 5 years) Body responsible for NRA The Norwegian FSC NRA - Working group maintenance FSC-NRA-NO V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NORWAY 2018 – 1 of 222 – Contents Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Norway ........................................................ 3 Background information .............................................................................................................. 5 List of experts involved in the risk assessment ......................................................................... 13 National Risk Assessment maintenance ................................................................................... 14 Complaints and disputes regarding the approved National Risk Assessment ........................... 14 List of key stakeholders for consultation ................................................................................... 15 Risk assessments ..................................................................................................................... 17 Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood .............................................................. 17 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 17 Sources of legal timber in Norway ..................................................................................... 18 Risk assessment ............................................................................................................... 18 Control measures ............................................................................................................. 72 Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights ........ 75 Risk assessment ............................................................................................................... 75 Control measures ............................................................................................................. 75 Detailed analysis ............................................................................................................... 76 Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests in which high conservation values are threatened by management activities ..................................................................................... 144 Experts consulted ........................................................................................................... 149 Risk assessment ............................................................................................................. 150 Control measures ........................................................................................................... 177 Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use ............................................................................................................................................... 180 Risk assessment ............................................................................................................. 180 Control measures ........................................................................................................... 184 Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted ............................................................................................................................................... 185 Risk assessment ............................................................................................................. 185 Control measures ........................................................................................................... 188 Annex C1 List of information sources ................................................................................. 189 Annex C2 Identification of applicable legislation ................................................................. 214 FSC-NRA-NO V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NORWAY 2018 – 2 of 222 – Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Norway Indicator Risk designation (including functional scale when relevant) Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood 1.1 Low risk 1.2 N/A 1.3 Low risk 1.4 Low risk 1.5 Low risk 1.6 Low risk 1.7 Low risk 1.8 Low risk 1.9 Low risk 1.10 Low risk 1.11 Low risk 1.12 Low risk 1.13 Low risk 1.14 Low risk 1.15 Low risk 1.16 Low risk 1.17 Low risk 1.18 Low risk 1.19 Low risk 1.20 Low risk 1.21 Low risk Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights 2.1 Low risk 2.2 Low risk 2.3 Specified risk: Sea sami rights (Sapmi1). FPIC implementation (Sapmi except of Finnmark county) Low risk: Norway outside Sapmi1 Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests where high conservation values are threatened by management activitie 3.0 Low risk 3.1 Specified risk: Concentrations of near threatened species and near threatened responsibility species Low risk: Protected areas, selected habitat types protected by law, priority species, key habitats, nature type A localities and threatened species 3.2 Specified risk: IFLs in Finnmark Low risk: Rest of the country 1 The assessment is delimited to the Norwegian part of Sapmi as visualized in Fig. 1 (cat. 1.15). FSC-NRA-NO V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NORWAY 2018 – 3 of 222 – 3.3 Specified risk: Nature type B localities and the ***/A and **/B NARIN core areas Low risk: Protected areas, selected habitat types, priority species, key habitats, nature type A localities and old-age forests. 3.4 Low risk 3.5 Specified risk: Sami reindeer herding districts (Fig. 1, ind. 1.15) Low risk: Norway outside the Sami reideer herding districts 3.6 Specified risk: Culturally Modified Trees (CMT2) occurring in the counties of Nordland, Troms and Finnmark Low risk: Other protected cultural heritage sites for all counties in Norway Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use 4.1 Low risk Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted 5.1 Low risk 2 CMT is defined in cat. 3.6. FSC-NRA-NO V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NORWAY 2018 – 4 of 222 – Background information What is FSC? The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international non-profit, multi-stakeholder organization established in 1993 to promote responsible management of the world’s forests. The FSC does this by setting standards on forest products, along with certifying and labeling them as eco-friendly. FSC has 10 Principles and associated Criteria (FSC P&C) that form the basis for all FSC forest management standards and certification. FSC International sets the framework for developing and maintaining international, national and sub-national standards. This is intended to ensure that the process for developing FSC policies and standards is transparent, independent and participatory. For more information about FSC, see https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc. In 2010 a first Norwegian attempt to create a national standard was initiated, but this process stranded in the end on disagreements about use of exotic tree species in forest plantations. Presently, a number of Norwegian organizations are holders of FSC certificates based on International Generic Indicators (IGI), which is a standard developed for countries not having a national standard. In writing moment organizations in Norway are working in a new Standard Development Group with the aim to establish national FSC standards. The standard developing process happens as a continuum of the Norwegian NRA-process for Controlled Wood. FSC Controlled Wood The Controlled Wood system was introduced by FSC in 1997 to avoid material from unacceptable sources in FSC Mix products, i.e. products with materials from FSC-certified forests mixed with uncertified materials or material certified by other labels (e.g. PEFC). In the years after, the Controlled Wood system evolved in several stages into the system used today by companies managing an FSC CoC-certificate (Chain-of-Custody Certificate). In 2000, a review of the FSC policy led to a more sophisticated approach towards “controversial sources” and an entire section on this subject was added to the policy. The following categories of uncertified raw materials were considered to be unacceptable as part of an FSC-certified product: 1) Illegally harvested wood; 2) Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights; 3) Wood from forests in which high conservation values are threatened by management activities; 4) Wood from forests being converted to plantations and non-forest use; and 5) Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted. The NRA is organized into five chapters representing an analysis of these five categories. The 2000 policy further required companies to have a public policy to avoid wood from unacceptable sources as well as a monitoring and tracking system to identify the origin