BEST PRACTICE IN MANAGEMENT OF ROSA RUGOSA Maike Isermann1, Tim Adriaens2, Klara Artmann3, Bolette Bele5, Ola Bengtsson7, Mathilde Boesen8, Benjamin Burkhard9, Rita M. Buttenschøn8, Christian Fischer10, Inger Sundheim Fløistad5, Heiko Grell11, Synnøve Grenne5, Knud Hammeken12, Henrike Hoffmann13, Hans-Henrick Jørgensen14, Kathrin Kiehl15, Nils Kobarg16, Tomasz Labuz17, Leena Lehtomaa18, Margit Ludwig19, Johannes Kollmann20, Marc Leeten21, Werner Mansen19, Liv S. Nilsen6, Sam Provoost2, Okka Tschöpe3, Hans Peter Ravn8, Natalia Räikkönen18, Terhi Ryttäri24, Petra Schimansky25, Silke Schmidt26, Martin Schulze Dieckhoff22,Tim Struyve23, Do van Dijck27, Johanna Waldeck15, Hermann Wietjes28, Martin Wittefeld27 INTRODUCTION Rosa rugosa was introduced In Europe, it is now a well established alien Rosa rugosa mainly establishes by vegetative to Europe from E Asia in the late 18th century with a distribution that stretches from Belgium growth, and often forms large and dense and became popular as an ornamental plant in to Norway and the Faroe Islands and along the stands, suppressing natural vegetation. the 20th century. Due to its salt tolerance and Baltic from Germany to Latvia and Finland. In Consequently, its presence constitutes a shielding function it was regularly planted in coastal areas, R rugosa mainly occurs as an considerable threat to open coastal dune coastal regions, from where it spread, invasive species in dunes, from dynamic vegetation that represents vegetation of high naturalised and became invasive. yellow dunes to stabilised dunes with heather. conservation value. TREATMENT SPRAYING CUTTING, MOWING GRAZING DIGGING OUT, MANUAL DIGGING OUT, MASCHINE manual spraying brushcutter, sickle-bar- sheep , robust cattle, no excavator (+sieved sand) EQUIPMENT hoes, shovels (Glyphosate) mower, flail-mower additional winter feeding [frontloader, bagger ] 1 (summer) year-round, winter, FREQUENCY 2 (spring, summer) up to 5-times first year 1 a year 1 a year [summer grazing] up to 4-times a year better results in BIOMASS dead biomass removal removal, burning combination with removal, burning, burial removal, burning, burial previous cutting manual removal, grazing, manual removal, plastic- manual removal, cutting, mowing up to 3- FOLLOW-UP grazing manual removal foil cover, cutting, mowing, cutting, mowing times a year, grazing, herbicide geotextile cover > 2 yrs after 5 years grazing REPETITION every year, up to 5 yrs up to10 years every year, up to 5 years every year, up to 5 years good results strong regrowth, partly environmental first 1-2 years further many resprouts, PROBLEMs rejuvenation, and lots of many resprouts contamination spreading disturbance by vessels new seedlings more or less good different: decline in size, good reduction in growth few reduction to more or SUCCESS good removal removal in best case removal high, density and size less good removal single bush treatment, large, passable areas large, impassable areas, small sized shrubs, SUITABILITY large; passable areas impassable areas with large stands support open landscapes impassable areas RECOMMENDATION * ** ** *** **** MANAGEMENT In northwest Europe various management Mowing and grazing mainly control further Before deciding whether or not non-native approaches are applied under different spreading, only in cases of heavy mowing scrub needs to be controlled, the conservation circumstances and at different intensities, with and grazing the stands are removed . value of the scrub habitat has to be assessed. varying levels of success: Digging out of individual shrubs or big Conservation value and ecological services of • Herbicide treatment to either kill the bushes infestations using various machines, R. rugosa scrub, however, differ from native or to control regrowth from cut stems is not combined with different follow-up methods shrublands. R. rugosa represents a rapidly recommended because of the environmental are the most successful treatments to growing species, invading valued habitats and contamination. remove the stands. therefore control or eradication is necessary in • Cutting or mowing followed by either Apart from the choice of the management many cases. covering with sand, burning on site, burial or method, site specific conditions such as age, Successful removal of R. rugosa is difficult due removal of the plant debris. size, slope, soil type; nature protection status; to its functional traits such as the strong ability • Grazing with various large herbivore species accessibility of the invaded area, available to resprout from small vegetative fragments. to control scrub encroachment or to control resources, size of the infested area are factors regrowth after cutting or mowing. that can explain management outcome. 1Bremen University, Germany; 2Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO); Belgium; 3Potsdam University, Germany; 5Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Norway; 6Norwegian Nature Inspectorate, Norway; 7Pro Natura, Sweden; 8University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 9Verein Jordsand, Germany; 10Umweltschutzamt Kiel, Germany; 11GGV Freie Biologen, Germany, 13Stiftung Naturschutz Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; 14LIFE Læsø, Denmark; 15Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Germany; 16Integrierte Station Geltinger Birk, LLUR Landesamt für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume, Germany; 17University of Szczecin, Poland; 18The Southwest Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, Finland; 19Naturschutzgemeinschaft Sylt eV, Germany; 20Technische Universität München, Germany; 21Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos, buitendienst West-Vlaanderen, Provinciale dienst West-Vlaanderen, Belgium; 22NLWKN-Betriebsstelle Norden-Norderney, Germany; 23Dienst natuurbeheer, Natuurpunt, Belgium; 24 Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland; 25Seebauer, Wefers & Partner GbR, Germany; 26National Park visitors’ centre Wangerooge, Germany; 27Landschap Noord-Holland, The Netherlands; 28NLWKN-Betriebshof Baltrum, Germany .