International Union of Forest Research Organizations Union Internationale des Instituts de Recherches Forestières Internationaler Verband Forstlicher Forschungsanstalten Unión Internacional de Organizaciones de Investigación Forestal IUFRO World Series Vol. 19 Global Forest Decimal Classification (GFDC) Globale Forstliche Dezimal- Klassifikation (GFDK) Editors: Barbara Holder Jarmo Saarikko Daryoush Voshmgir Prepared by IUFRO Working Party 6.03.03 Global Forest Decimal Classification ISSN 1016-3263 ISBN 3-901347-61-5 IUFRO, Vienna 2006 Recommended catalogue entry: Holder, B., Saarikko, J. and Voshmgir, D. 2006. Global Forest Decimal Classification (GFDC). IUFRO World Series Vol. 19. Vienna. 338 p. Classification: GFDC: 0--014, UDC: 025.45 Published by: IUFRO Headquarters, Vienna, Austria, 2006 © 2006 IUFRO IUFRO Headquarters c/o Mariabrunn (BFW) Hauptstrasse 7, A-1140 Vienna, Austria Tel.: +43-1-877 01 51-0; Fax: +43-1-877 01 51 -50 E-Mail: [email protected]; Internet: www.iufro.org Available from: IUFRO Headquarters (see above), and Library Austria Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape. Unit: Documentation, Publication & Library, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, A-1131 Vienna, Austria Tel.: +43-1-87838-1216; Fax: +43-1-87838-1215 E-Mail: [email protected]; Web: http://bfw.ac.at/ ISBN 3-901347-61-5 Price 35 Euro plus mailing costs Printed by: Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) GFDC website: http://iufro.andornot.com/GFDCDefault.aspx Editors Barbara Holder - Forintek Canada - [email protected] Jarmo Saarikko - Metla - [email protected] Daryoush Voshmgir - BFW - [email protected] Steering group Barbara Holder - Forintek Canada Roger Mills - Plant Sciences Library, Oxford University Library Services Gillian Petrokofsky - CAB International Renate Prüller - IUFRO Alan Reid - MAF Policy, New Zealand Jarmo Saarikko - Finnish Forest Research Institute, Metla Daryoush Voshmgir - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Expert contributors James Brooks - CAB International Reinhard Fromm - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Oscar Fugalli - Food and Agriculture Organization Alfred Fürst - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Berthold Heinze - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Peter Höller- Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Carolus Holzschuh - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Alois Kempf - Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL) Ferdinand Kristöfel - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Roland Luzian - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Markus Neuman - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Frank Perzl - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Lambert Rammer - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Jarmo Saarikko - Finnish Forest Research Institute, Metla Rudolf Sailer - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Heinrich Schmutzenhofer - IUFRO Stefan Smidt - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Daryoush Voshmgir - Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) UDC CONSORTIUM CAB andornot International Institutional Contributors Andornot Consulting (Vancouver, B.C., Canada) Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) CAB International Finnish Forest Research Institute, Metla Forintek Canada Plant Sciences Library, Oxford University Library Services UDC Consortium (The Hague) Editorial Contributors Bridget Biggs, CAB International German Translations Margarete Khorchidi, Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Renate Prüller, IUFRO Headquarters Vienna Daryoush Voshmgir, Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Layout Johanna Kohl, Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW) Database Design Kathy Bryce, Principal, Andornot Consulting Contents Introduction..........................................................................................................................I/1 History ......................................................................................................................................I/1 Background to this edition........................................................................................................I/1 History of the Decimal Classification (from the 1953 edition) ..................................................I/3 Introducton to the classification................................................................................................I/5 Global Forest Decimal Classification Schedules 0 Forests, forestry and the utilization of forest products ....................................................I/15 1 Factors of the environment. Biology ................................................................................I/15 2 Silviculture..........................................................................................................................I/27 3 Work Science (work studies). Harvesting of wood: logging and transport. Forest engineering ............................................................................................................I/35 4 Forest injuries and protection............................................................................................I/41 5 Forest mensuration. Increment; Development and structure of stands. Surveying and mapping ....................................................................................................I/47 6 Forest management. Business economics of forestry. Administration and Organization of Forest enterprises ....................................................I/53 7 Marketing of forest products. Economics of forest transport and the wood industries ..................................................I/59 8 Forest products and their utilization..................................................................................I/63 9 Forests and forestry from the national point of view. Social economics of forestry ............................................................................................I/77 Auxiliaries Appendix A Subject auxiliaries ............................................................................................I/81 Appendix B Auxiliaries of form and place (reproduced with kind permission of the UDC Consortium)............................I/87 Appendix C Selection of insects with special interest to forest science ..........................I/101 Appendix D Selection of trees of special interest to European and North American forestry ................................................................................I/117 Alphabetical indexes ....................................................................................................I/121 Topical subject index ............................................................................................................I/123 Geographic index..................................................................................................................I/167 In memory of Oscar Fugalli A Special Farewell to Special Oscar (from IUFRO News no. 10) “Sadly, we announce that Oscar Fugalli died on Saturday, 15 October 2005 in Rome. Those who had the privilege to work with him will always remember him as a dedicated forester, gen- erous mentor and special person. To give an appreciation of his outstanding personality to all who did not have the opportunity to know him personally, we would like to share our memories of him: Oscar Fugalli was special in many ways to IUFRO and the staff at IUFRO Headquarters. During his work at FAO, he developed a global perspective on forestry, established personal friendships with forestry leaders in many countries, and especially came to a deep understand- ing of the forester’s problems in developing countries. These work experiences and his ability to relate effectively and affably with foresters and scientists at all levels in all parts of the world eminently qualified him to be selected as the first Coordinator of the IUFRO Special Program for Developing Countries (SPDC) in 1983. As Coordinator of SPDC, he conceived and brought to fruition many activities - workshops, training courses, the ‘SPDC Information Bulletin for Developing Countries’ - that benefited forestry research managers and scientists in developing countries. With his activities he laid the basis for subsequent projects of SPDC in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Following his retirement as SPDC Coordinator in 1990, he continued to volunteer services to SPDC and IUFRO in Vienna and Rome. With his rich experience he would comment upon IUFRO’s activities with indulgence and foresight. Among many