Mon. A Uyg. vrlr ~da:kavu~allm 'let us assemble in Preliminary note. There were nevcr many the bush' $U. E 10-1 I ; vrlr ff Man -A beg Turkish words consisting of a sin,& vowel, ond tarliig rda rgaqda 'in the fi\.e khoi bushes and trees' M 18, 19-20; kaltl rg yagf yPrden all of them except a: became obpletr at a very tPmin orturiirp 'as one can grow bushes eurly dote. To Kay., with his background of almost immediately on newly planted ground' Arabic philolog.~,the whole concept was strange, M I 14, 10; bir narwan(?) atllg 1 a bush but he did devote a seclion, headed rather in- called narzuan(?) (Persian ?rdrw&z'witch elm, scrutably dawitu'l-arba'a, 'four-letter words', Ulmus montana)' Man.-uig. Frag. 400, 4; 01 I I 39-40, in the chapter containing two-le//rr uslnda olurdl 'he sat on the top of that bush' words of ruhich the /irst is hamza to such words. do. 401, I ; Man. ne taglarl i lgaq kaya kum It original/y contained one word hamza alif, four bar1 'whatever mountains, bushes, trees, rocks, and sand there are' M 111 8, 3-4 (ii): hamza wHw, and three harnza yH, but in the ser- Bud. (fruits that grow) 1 igacda U I 27, 5; I wiving M.7. some of the srcond group have had tang 'bushes and cultivated land' U 127, 3; letters added to them. As W is not a genuine U I1 77, 27; TT IV 10,6; VIII K.4; a.o.0.: Turkish sound, !he second group must all have Xak. xr one says yl: ytga:~for 'tangled trees' been o:, U:, o:, or U:. Of the thirdgroup one mar (mci'ltaffa mina'l-facnr),originally yi$i: 'bushy' altnost certainly ay, /he others probably I: or 1:. (rnutar6fs) but contracted Kaj. III 216 (per- 25 The only comnron word, I:, occurs in Ka$. as YI:, haps a false etymology); a.0. III (yigi:). ifs true nature attd menning having already been PU 2 1: Hap. leg.; apparently so vocalized in forgotten. MS. Xak. XI I: 'a word used to express refusal' (kalitnotu'l-ink&) alternative to 2 U: a: Exclamation, usually vocative in character, Kaj. I 40. occasionally expressing surprise, in the early PU ?F 3 I: Hap. leg.; like many names period usually affixed to the word qualified, of fabrics prob. a I.-W., perhaps Chinese; later, perhaps under foreign influence, placed apparently vocalized ay; if I: or 1: perhaps before it. The attachment of -a/-e metrigratia some Chinese word like i 'variegated, rainbow- at the end of lines in KB and other poems is coloured (clothing)' (Giles 5,434). Xak. XI I: a Pe. trick, and perhaps not native Turkish. 'orange-coloured brocade' '(dihic nciranciy~r'[- S.i.a.m.l.g.. but also in contiguous non- -[own) Kay. 140. Turkish Is~~uages.Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. tllziin oglum-a my good son' U I11 35, 26; PU 1 0: Hap. le~.;the word, no doubt hamza ana~tm-a'my dear mother' U III y, 2 (ii); w6w was inadvertently omitted in the RIS. and baxgl-a 'my teacher' U I V 28, 4; a.o.0.: Xak. replaced in the margin by o:ka: presumably XI a: an exclanx~tion (hag) of surprise (al- taken from the example; it is not cleat whether -taha?ytrr); hence one says 01 meni: a: klldl: this word is an abbreviation of og, which 'he surprised me' Kq. I 39: KU -a is a appears as below and elsewhere in the medieval common verse-filler, e.g. tu$ teg-a (or -e?) period, or whether the latter is an expanded rhyming with saga 7: Gag. xv ff. a: (sic) form, prob. the latter. Xak. xr <o:) al-kafil, 'vocative' (bar/-i nida) San. 27v. I (quotn. in- surety, security, pledge'; one says men am: cluding a: yigit 'oh youth'; also described o:ka: aldlm 'I took him as security' (kaffaltu as an abbreviation of an in such words as alar bihi) Ka?. 140; (xrv Muh.0) pamana u'a kafala for anlar): Kom. XIV e 'vocative exclamation' 'to stand surety' o:glan- R$. 111 (only)): CCG; Gr. 84 (quotn.): KIP, xv 'vocative' (al- Xwar. xrv man faknllafa li 'whoever has -muncidi wa'l-rnufrij) a e.g. a kiqi (for ki$i) 'oh guaranteed to me' translated kayu . maga man' Tuh. 60b. 2(also S&. 3; 85h. 7); harfu'l- 09 bolsa Nahc. 346, 7; same phr. 162, 6 and -nidd a (also 8) placed before the name of a 15. person called, e.g. a Altunbuga Kau. 52, I I. PU 2 0: Hap. leg.; originally hamza cuciw, but later a fatfra was placed over the hamza and an 1 I: usually translated 'vegetation', but the alif added in both places. Xak. 0: 'an exclama- contexts show that it meant something between tion (Farf) in reply to a caller'. When yd a plant and a tree, probably 'bush' (singular or Muhammad is called out, the man who answers collective); n.0.a.b. Tiirkii vrrr ~da:tavda: says o: meaning 'what are your orders?' Kaj. kalm~gl: those of them who remained in the 140 (see 2 U:). bush and stony desert' Tq; ati& tka: bayu:r ertimiz 'we tied the horces to hushes' T 27: S 3 0: See 01. 2 RION. A 1 U: 'slccp'; thc L)cv. V. is cxccptionally u~I:-, thctns~lvcs(Ile~~d.)' I h' 10, I1 IS I); usar 'if which supgests that this nord may originally possil)le' 7' I I : v111 ff. kanqayu: uma:tl:n have been *u:d, but that word is nowhere 'without being able to move' IrhU 16 (and noted in this sense; not noted later than XI. four 0.0. of Neg. f.); edgiisi: uyu:rl: 'his l'iirkii v111udn: basdlmlz '\ve surprised . good and capable men' do. 28: otsu:z suvsu:z in their sleep' I E 35. 37; 11 E 27; uka (sic) kaltl: uy1:n 'how can I (gct on) without basdlm~zT 27; v111 ff. Rlan ustnta odunt~ fodder or water?' do. 45; (the fat horse's 'he woke from his slecp' 11f I h, 21-I: UyR. mouth becarne hard) Idid: uma:z 'its master vrlr ff. Rlan. (gap) uu (sic) iize utjtyu 'sleeping cannot (control it)' do, 65; ada:rtu: umn:z a . sleep' TT 111 160: Bud. uvlar~ntlln 'cannot endanger him' lbyok nj, 29 (ETY 11 (?read uularlndm) odgutup 'arousina . 59): Uyg. vlrr fr. R1:ln.-,\ siizleyii umogay from their slccp' U III r I, 8; U TT VIII 'will hc unahlc to speak' k2 I 15, 2-3: h,lan. 4.13 (see ud~k);Civ. utla CIsp. 77, 14 (see yok klrn 01 ~trnnsarSlmnu kiiqlge kopug ucj-): Xnk, XI U: (Iatcr altered to II&:) 'sleep' ugay 'there is nothing that he cannot do; by (al-na7crn); hence one sal-s ucj1:dt:rn 'I slept', the power of Ahrinian he ndl be ahle to do abbreviated from u:d~:dt:m Kay. I 40; u:dm everythinp' M115, 10-1 r : Dud. bed umadr (RIS. in error tr:&rn) an]: odgura: 'arousing 'hc could not give' PP IS, R (a.o.0. of Ncc. f.); him from sleep' I1 193,4; similar phr. 146,zo; kllu usar 'if he can make' 1'1' 35, 4; ertini ag~ru:nl: uqursa:d~m'I wished to drive evdigeli uyur 'he can collect jewels' TTVz6, away heavy sleep' I11 247, 23: KU U teg 'like 91-2; Sanskrit abltawyatd 'incapacity' uma:- sleep' 1424; kiterse us1 'let him repel sleep' ta:p bo1ma:k VlIl A.44 (a.o.o.); korgeli 2331 ; 0.0. 3952, 4963, 6637. udaql bolgay 'he will be able to see' Slm. 444,4: Civ. tln alu umasar 'if he cannot draw PU 2 U: (hi-ifhd'i'l-alif) Ihp. leg.; in I*. breath' H I 141-2 (a.o.0. in If II): Xak. XI iybi' normally means 'back-vowcls', e.g. both ugan 'having power over all things' (ai-qadtr 1 to:z and tu:z are so described to distinguish 'ala'l-ayyi), hence God is called ugan tegri: them from to:z and tti:z, but, if some contrast 'almighty God' Kq. I 77; (N.B. no occur- with 2 o: is intended, it might mean, as in San., rences of U:-) u:ganqa: 'to the best of your U not o, since ii: is not a very likely sound for ability' 144, 2: KBugan bir bayat 'the one an exclamation; see 2 1:. Xak. sr U: 'an ex- almighty God' z (a.o.0.); usn 'if possible' clamation of refusal (!lorf inkfir) to obey an 549, 721 uganqa (mis-spelt rr@trp) 4256: order' (hby. 1. 40). SIII(?) ugan 'God', common in At.: xrv Rb2. ugan uscd both as a name and as Rn epithct of God. R 1 1007; Aiulr. qodara tun afdqa 'to he mighty, to be able' U:- R$. I 14; Pre1iniin:wy note. l'lrt- orrlv trao basic verbs of a/-qrjdir u:ga:n Me/. 13, I ; R$ 88; a/-qorci this shape are U:- and 0:-; in r'ariotrs n~edieval 'powcrful', one of the names of God u:ga:n and modern lang~ragesmore srrch vt-rbs appeored Rif. 137: Gag. xvff. uknn (sit) 'God' Bad. as the resnlf of the elision of find consonants, e g. loo; ugan (also, incorrectly, rrgun) 'a name of e-/l- (< 1 er-) 'to be'.