CURRENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN KENTUCKY VOLUME TEN Edited By Vanessa N. Hanvey Nicole Konkol Charles D. Hockensmith Kenneth Carstens William A. Huser and David Pollack KENTUCKY HERITAGE COUNCIL CURRENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN KENTUCKY VOLUME TEN Edited By Vanessa N. Hanvey Nicole Konkol Charles D. Hockensmith Kenneth Carstens William A. Huser and David Pollack 2019 KENTUCKY HERITAGE COUNCIL 410 High Street Frankfort, Kentucky 40601 Copyright 2019 Kentucky Heritage Council All Rights Reserved This publication has been funded in part with state funds and federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. However, the contents do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior. This agency receives federal funds from the National Park Service. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental Federally Assisted Programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity or facility operated by a recipient of federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D.C. 20013- 7127. Cover Photo: Mr. William A. (Bill) Huser volunteering his time to help University of Kentucky graduate student Ms. Karen Stevens excavate a shell midden in Henderson County, Kentucky, in 2018. (Photo Courtesy of Karen Stevens) i PREFACE Since its creation in 1966, the Kentucky Heritage Council has taken the lead in preserving and protecting Kentucky’s cultural resources. To accomplish its legislative charge, the Kentucky Heritage Council maintains three program areas: Site Development, Site Identification, and Site Protection. Site Development administers the state and federal Main Street programs, providing technical assistance in downtown revitalization to communities throughout the state. It also runs the Certified Local Government, Investment Tax Credit, and Restoration Grants-in-Aid programs. The Site Identification staff maintain the inventory of historic buildings and are responsible for working with a Review Board, composed of professional historians, historic architects, archaeologists, and others interested in historic preservation, to nominate sites to the National Register of Historic Places. This program also is actively working to promote rural preservation and to protect Civil War sites. The Site Protection Program staff work with a variety of federal and state agencies, local governments, and individuals to assist in their compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and to ensure that potential impacts to significant cultural resources are adequately addressed prior to the implementation of federally funded or licensed projects. The staff are responsible for administering the Kentucky Heritage Council’s archaeological programs; organizing the annual archaeological conference, including the editing and publication of selected papers; and the dissemination of educational materials. On occasion, the Site Protection staff undertake field and research projects. This volume contains papers presented at the 20th, 22nd, and 35th Annual Kentucky Heritage Council Archaeological Conference as well as contributed papers. The 20th conference was held in Louisville, Kentucky, in 2003. The 22nd conference was held at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky, in 2005. The 35th Annual Archaeological Conference was held at Kentucky Dam Village SRP, Kentucky, in 2018, and was co-sponsored by Wickliffe Mounds State Park, Land between the Lakes National Recreation Area, Tennessee Valley Authority, the Kentucky Archaeology Survey and the Kentucky Organization of Professional Archaeologists. The efforts of those in charge of conference organization and details are greatly appreciated. As in years past, the papers presented in this volume provide a cross-section of archaeological research conducted in Kentucky. Figure 1 illustrates the general locations of major sites and project areas discussed in this volume. I would like to thank everyone that has participated in the Kentucky Heritage Council Archaeological Conferences. Without your support, these conferences would not have been as successful as they have been. Finally, I would like to thank the many editors that made the publication of this volume possible. Vanessa N. Hanvey Kentucky Heritage Council ii We dedicate this volume to Mr. William A. (Bill) Huser who was a devoted friend, colleague, and Kentucky archaeologist. We think of and miss him every day. iii 4 6 5 iv 3 1 7 2 Figure 1. Approximate Location of Sites Discussed in this Volume: 1) Hedden, Site 15McN81; 2) Fort Campbell, KY-TN; 3) Gladie Creek, Site 15Mf410; 4) Omer Adams, Site 15Hy25; 5) Constant’s Station, Site 15Ck461; 6) Armstrong Farmstead, Site 15Fa185; and 7) Allen Brick Yard, Site 15McN115. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ...................................................................................................................................... ii The Compilation of this Volume Nicolas Laracuente.....................................................................................................................1 Revisiting the Hedden Site (15McN81), A Habitation and Mortuary Site in McCracken County, Kentucky William A. Huser .......................................................................................................................3 The Baked Clay Objects of the Hedden Site (15McN81): Indication of a Wider Archaic Affiliation William A. Huser .....................................................................................................................22 The Prehistoric Context of Fort Campbell, Kentucky - Tennessee Richard D. Davis, Richard V. Williamson, Christopher G. Leary, Donald A. Miller, Philip C. LaPorta, and Christopher A. Bergman .....................................................................35 Gladie Creek: A Multicomponent Deposit Located within the Red River Gorge, Eastern Kentucky Andrew M. Mickelson and Katherine R. Mickelson ...............................................................55 The Adena Mound as Axis Mundi and Implications for Settlement Patterns and Social Organization Michael Striker.........................................................................................................................82 The Omer Adams Site (15Hy25): Early Historic Salt Making at Drennon Springs, Henry County, Kentucky Kurt Fiegel and William A. Huser ...........................................................................................99 Constant’s Station? Data Recovery at Site 15Ck461, Clark County, Kentucky Jeannine Kreinbrink and R. Jason Hutchinson ......................................................................125 Botanical Evidence of Function, Status, Gender and Ethnicity in Historic Period Contexts: The Case of the Armstrong Farmstead Site (15Fa185) in Kentucky and the Argosy Sites (12D502, 12D520 and 12D508) in Indiana Renee M. Bonzani ..................................................................................................................155 The Allen Brick Yard: A Nineteenth Century Brick Manufacturing Site in Paducah, McCracken County, Kentucky Charles D. Hockensmith and William R. Black, Jr. ..............................................................189 v THE COMPILATION OF THIS VOLUME By Nicolas Laracuente Kentucky Heritage Council Frankfort, Kentucky It is difficult to assemble a comprehensive list of the people who have worked to compile this volume of Current Archaeological Research in Kentucky. Charles Hockensmith and Ken Carsten began assembling it before Charles’s retirement from the Kentucky Heritage Council (KHC) in 2008. At this time, articles had been chosen and most were finalized. After Charles’s retirement, KHC’s Site Protection Section weathered a rocky period where many staff retired, moved to other jobs, or passed away. At different points between 2008 and 2019, this volume was handled not only by the authors and editors but also by: David Pollack, Lori Stahlgren, Kary Stackelback, Philip Mink, Phillip Johnson, Chris Gunn, Nicole Konkol, and myself. When William A. (Bill) Huser joined KHC in 2014, he took a special interest in finishing Volume 10. The articles within represent work that has not been published elsewhere and is critical to sharing the wealth of information embodied by Kentucky archaeology with the world. In the midst of the hundreds of Section 106 reviews, phone calls, meetings, and site visits that constitute a “normal” KHC staffer workload, Bill picked up where Charles and Ken left off. He found the finalized chapters and reached out to each author to confirm the versions were up-to- date. This project was put on hold, again, during the Great Office Move of 2016 when KHC shifted from Washington Street to our current location on High Street in Frankfort, Kentucky. It took over a year to recover from the move and get back to Volume 10. Bill refused to table the project and continued to make progress towards its ultimate publication. He was on track to publish the volume in the last quarter of 2018. Then Bill got sick. Bill left our office on November 1st for a routine surgery to deal with some stomach issues that he joked were likely caused by his “riotous, decadent lifestyle.” A few days later, the surgery was cancelled due to the discovery of cancer. Bill