Benchmarking Food Environments: Experts’ Assessments of Policy Gaps and Priorities for the New Zealand Government Benchmarking Food Environments: Experts’ Assessments of Policy Gaps and Priorities for the New Zealand Government Swinburn, B., Dominick, C.H., and Vandevijvere, S. University of Auckland New Zealand 2014 Benchmarking Food Environments: Experts’ Assessments of Policy Gaps and Priorities for the New Zealand Government Benchmarking Food Environments: Experts’ assessments of policy gaps and priorities for the New Zealand Government July 2014 Suggested citation: Swinburn, B., Dominick, C.H. and Vandevijvere, S. Benchmarking Food Environments: Experts’ assessments of policy gaps and priorities for the New Zealand Government, Auckland: University of Auckland. 2014 ISBN 978-0-473-29309-3 (Online) ISBN 978-0-473-29283-6 (Print) Published in July 2014 by University of Auckland © Copyleft: The freedom to copy and share the work with others. Contact details: Professor Boyd Swinburn Professor of Population Nutrition and Global Health University of Auckland Private Bag, 92019, Auckland New Zealand Email: [email protected] Further information on INFORMAS and the Food-EPI is available at: www.informas.org Special Issue: INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases, Research, Monitoring and Action Support): rationale, framework and approach. Obesity Reviews, Volume 14, Issue Supplement S1, 1-164. Benchmarking Food Environments: Experts’ Assessments of Policy Gaps and Priorities for the New Zealand Government Executive Summary New Zealand has an unacceptably high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Two in three adults and one in three children are overweight or obese. Diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and many cancers are the biggest cause of death and ill-health in New Zealand and they are preventable. Effective government policies and actions are essential to increase the healthiness of food environments1 and to reduce these very high levels of obesity, NCDs, and their related inequalities. Internationally, there is wide recognition of this major public health issue. It is critical that the New Zealand Government implements preventive policies and actions to match the magnitude of the burden that unhealthy diets are creating. Monitoring the degree of implementation of the policies and actions recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) is an important part of ensuring progress towards better nutritional health for New Zealanders. Approach This report presents the results of a study, using the Food Environments Policy Index (Food-EPI), which assessed the New Zealand Government’s level of implementation of policies and infrastructure support against international best practice for improving the healthiness of food environments. The Food-EPI is an initiative of INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity / NCDs Research, Monitoring and Action Support) and was conducted in New Zealand with an Expert Panel of over 50 independent public health experts and representatives from medical associations and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The Expert Panel rated the extent of implementation of policies on food environments and infrastructure support systems by the New Zealand Government against international best practice. They also identified and prioritised actions needed to address critical gaps in government policies and infrastructure support. These priority actions are needed to improve the healthiness of food environments as these environments are major drivers of unhealthy diets and obesity. Assessment results The assessment of the implementation levels of priority policies and infrastructure support showed some areas of strength. New Zealand and Australia have set the international benchmark in one area by applying a nutrient profiling system to prevent unhealthy foods carrying health claims. New Zealand is also at world standard, along with many other high income countries, in requiring nutrition information panels on packaged foods, having good monitoring systems for NCDs and their risk factors, and having high levels of transparency in policy development and access to government information. Several other initiatives are underway such as reducing trans fats in foods, implementing food-based dietary guidelines, developing systems-based actions with communities (Healthy Families NZ), and establishing an interpretive front-of-pack labelling system (Health Star Ratings). However, of major concern was the high number of food policies which were rated as having ‘very little, if any, implementation’. This was especially apparent in the areas of reducing the marketing of unhealthy foods to children, using fiscal policies to support healthy food choices, supporting local communities to limit the density of unhealthy food outlets in their communities (for example, around schools and early childhood education (ECE) services), and ensuring that trade and investment agreements do not negatively affect population nutrition and health. An enormous gap in New Zealand is the lack of a comprehensive national action plan to address unhealthy food environments and to reduce obesity and NCDs. The Healthy Eating Healthy Action implementation plan was prematurely terminated along with its funding and evaluation in 2010 and no plans have been announced to replace it. New Zealand will be expected to report to WHO in 2015 that it has a fully funded, comprehensive plan to reduce NCDs. This must be the highest priority for action. 1 Food environments are defined as the collective physical, economic, policy and socio-cultural surroundings, opportunities and conditions that influence people’s food and beverage choices and nutritional status. New Zealand’s high levels of obesity and diet-related NCDs are related to the food environments in which New Zealanders live. Unhealthy food environments lead to unhealthy diets and excess energy intake which have detrimental consequences on morbidity and mortality. Dietary risk factors (high salt intake, high saturated fat intake and low fruit and vegetable intake) and excess energy intake (high body mass index) account for 11.4% of health loss in New Zealand. Benchmarking Food Environments: Experts’ Assessments of Policy Gaps and Priorities for the New Zealand Government New Zealand will also be expected to report on progress on reducing marketing of unhealthy food products to children and the reduction of saturated fatty acids in the food supply because these are two of the 25 core indicators in the WHO NCD Monitoring Framework. The absence of government action in protecting children from commercial exploitation will not be considered acceptable progress for a high income, high capacity country with one of the highest rates of childhood obesity in the world. Priority recommendations The Expert Panel recommended 34 actions, prioritising 7 for immediate action. They are to: 1. Implement a comprehensive national action plan for obesity and NCD prevention. 2. Set priorities in Statements of Intent and set targets for a. reducing childhood and adolescent obesity b. reducing salt, sugar and saturated fat intake c. food composition (salt and saturated fat) in key food groups 3. Increase funding for population nutrition promotion, doubling it to at least $70m/year. 4. Reduce the promotion of unhealthy foods to children and adolescents by a. restricting the marketing of unhealthy foods to children and adolescents through broadcast and non- broadcast media. b. ensuring schools and ECE services are free from commercial promotion of unhealthy foods. 5. Ensure that foods provided in or sold by schools and ECE services meet dietary guidelines. 6. Implement the front-of-pack Health Star Rating labelling system. 7. Introduce an excise tax of at least 20% on sugar-sweetened beverages. The New Zealand Government is strongly urged to act on these recommendations to improve the diets of New Zealanders, reduce health care costs and bring New Zealand towards the progressive, innovative and world leader of public health that it can be. 4 Benchmarking Food Environments: Experts’ Assessments of Policy Gaps and Priorities for the New Zealand Government Acknowledgements Many people have contributed to the development of this report. First, the authors would like to acknowledge the New Zealand Expert Panel who participated in the Food-EPI pilot study (November 2013), the rating workshops for this report (April/May 2014), the identification and prioritisation of the actions, and the critique of this report. The authors would like to thank the National Heart Foundation for funding the Food-EPI workshops and the University of Auckland, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences for other related support. The authors would also like to thank the government officials who spent time answering official information requests and checking completeness of the evidence on the extent of implementation of policies to create healthy food environments. INFORMAS is the International Network for Food and Obesity / non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Research, Monitoring and Action Support. The authors wish to thank all founding members of the network for their contributions to the development of the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI). These members include (in alphabetical order): Simon Barquera (Mexican National Institute of Public Health, Mexico), Sharon Friel (Australian National University, Australia), Corinna Hawkes (World