LADEE Launch Streak September 6 , 2013 NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer Image Credit & Copyright: Jeff Berkes http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap130911.html ESS471/503 details • Website: http://earthweb.ess.washington.edu/bobholz/ess471-503/ – All lectures posted before class • Physics and math interspersed with phenomena (structure and dynamics) • Homework for 503 students more extensive • Papers: topic needs to be decided in a few weeks. Presentations required for 503, extra credit for 471 Partial list of the physics studied in ESS471/503 • nuclear fusion (PP and CNO cycles) • Subatomic particles: p,n,e, nutrino • Hydrostatic equilibrium (standard solar model) • Energy transport mechanisms convection, radiation [conduction]. • Blackbody spectrum vs non-thermal radiation • Plasma characteristics (density, temperature, spatial scale (debye length), plasma response time (1/plasma frequency) • Magnetic fields in plasmas: Origin and variability of magnetic field of the sun (sunspots), Frozen in condition, superposition • Solar seismology: Standing Sound waves, Standing Gravity waves (buoyancy waves) • Shock waves, Collisionless shock waves (upstream region) • Equation of motion with Lorentz force • Charged particle motion in E and B fields (gyration, bounce drift, ExB drift • Lorentz frame transformation • MHD model for plasma dynamics • Reconnection theory for explaining change in magnetic topology • Ohmic energy dissipation, field aligned currents • Non-dissipative current systems From Yesterday: Big Corona Hole about to point at us … ESS471/503 intro ESS471/503 Continued ESS471, Intro continued • We were talking about the solar convection zone ... 171 nm ~106 oK Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Evolution_of_Magnetism_on_the_Sun.ogv Flare From SOHO: at L1 point ( see http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime-images.html ) B-field magnitude (nT) Solar Wind B-field Data for angle One Month Density < 10 #/cc particles/cc Flow sped Speed km/s 400km/s ULYSSEUS flew over and under the Poles of the Sun Heliosphere Current Sheet Intense Shock Wave in Expanding Solar Wind Voyager 1 &2 launched in 1977 ….. 42 yrs ago http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/ Kuiper Kuiper Belt 30-50AU How long does it take for a round trip radio message with Voyager 1? Foreshock or Upstream region magnetopause Interplanetary B-field RBSP Radiation Belt Storm Probes, now called Van Allen Probes Launched Aug 30, 2013 Immediately discovered new Radiation Belt! Less than 2 weeks after turn-on A series of images made by ultraviolet light imager on the THEMIS spacecraft showing the aurora and Earth's upper atmosphere. The glowing side is the atmosphere lit up by the Sun's light energy and the oval of light is the aurora. During a substorm the auroral oval brightens in a localized area and then suddenly breaks into many different forms that expand both toward Earth's pole and equator. This is exactly what Shun- ichi Akasofu (1964) drew in his auroral substorm illustration. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substorm Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada Sep. 11, 2009 Photo Credit: Yuichi Takasaka Cosmic Ray Shower c:/holzworth/classes/ess471/protons howeroverchicago.mpeg (open with QuickTime, f11 fullscreen) Ionosphere Electron Densities Elf Red Sprite Optical WWLLN Electric Field Lightning waves in space, seen way above the peak ionosphere densities So many fun topics … So little time! Links to try: http://www.spaceweather.com/ https://swpc.noaa.gov/.