) ( International Patent Classification: ter Street North, Suite 3300, Waltham, MA 0245 1 (US). A61K 39/395 (2006.01) A61K 31/5025 (2006.01) WANG, Jing, Yu; c/o Tesaro, Inc., 1000 Winter Street A61K 45/06 (2006.01) A61K 31/517 (2006.01) North, Suite 3300, Waltham, MA 02451 (US). XIAO, A61K 31/4184 (2006.01) A61K 31/55 (2006.01) Yonghong; c/o Tesaro, Inc., 1000 Winter Street North, A61K 31/454 (2006.01) A61K 31/555 (2006.01) Suite 3300, Waltham, MA 02451 (US). ZHOU, Yinghui; A61K 31/496 (2006.01) A61P 35/00 (2006.01) c/o Tesaro, Inc., 1000 Winter Street North, Suite 3300, A61K 31/502 (2006.01) Waltham, MA 0245 1 (US). (21) International Application Number: (74) Agent: ESPINO, Christine, G. et al. ;Proskauer Rose LLP, PCT/US20 18/067653 One International Place, Boston, MA 021 10 (US). (22) International Filing Date: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 27 December 2018 (27. 12.2018) kind of national protection av ailable) . AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (25) Filing Language: English CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, (26) Publication Language: English DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, (30) Priority Data: KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 62/610,761 27 December 2017 (27. 12.2017) US MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, 62/613,372 03 January 2018 (03.01.2018) US OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, 62/680,5 11 04 June 2018 (04.06.2018) US SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, (71) Applicant: TESARO, INC. [US/US]; 1000 Winter Street TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. North, Suite 3300, Waltham, MA 0245 1 (US). (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (72) Inventors: FENG, Bin; c/o Tesaro, Inc., 1000 Winter kind of regional protection available) . ARIPO (BW, GH, Street North, Suite 3300, Waltham, MA 0245 1 (US). GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, RAMASWAMY, Sridhar; c/o Tesaro, Inc., 1000 Win- UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, (54) Title: METHODS OF TREATING CANCER (57) Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treatment of can¬ cer patients having deficiency in at least one non-BRCAl/2 gene involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway with a poly(ADP- ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor such as niraparib. In particular, cancer up 1, 2, b . T me to event (PFS) ir months Upstratied analysis Log a test p va!ue=0018 Hazard Ratio (95% Ci): 0 50 0 2 0 0) FIG. 1A [Continued on nextpage] ||| ||||| ||||| ||||| |||| 11| ||| ||||| ||||| ||||| ||||| ||||| |||| limn nil nil nil TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, Cl, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). Published: with international search report (Art. 21(3)) before the expiration of the time limit for amending the claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of amendments (Rule 48.2(h)) METHODS OF TREATING CANCER RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The application claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application Nos. 62/610,761, filed December 27, 2017; 62/613,372, filed January 3, 2018; and 62/680,51 1, filed June 4, 2018, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. BACKGROUND [0002] Cancer is a serious public health problem, with about 600,920 people in the United States of America expected to die of cancer in 2017 alone, according to the American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures 2016 (https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts- statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/ cancer-facts-figures-20 17.html). Accordingly, there continues to be a need for effective therapies to treat cancer patients. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0003] Described herein are methods for treating a cancer patient having a deficiency in certain genes involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, including non-BRCAl/2 HRR genes. Further described herein is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (e.g., as defined herein) for use in methods as defined herein. Further described herein is the use of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (e.g., as defined herein) in the manufacture of a medicament for use in methods as defined herein. Further described herein is the use of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (e.g, as defined herein) in methods as defined herein. [0004] In a first aspect, the invention features a method of treating cancer, said method comprising: identifying a cancer patient having deficiency in at least one gene involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2; and administering a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (e.g, niraparib) to said cancer patient. In embodiments, the invention further features a PARP inhibitor for use in the treatment of cancer in a patient identified as having a deficiency in at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2. In embodiments, said treatment comprising identifying a cancer patient having deficiency in at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2; and administering said PARP inhibitor (e.g., niraparib) to said cancer patient. In embodiments, the invention further features the use of a PARP inhibitor in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in a patient identified as having a deficiency in at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2. In embodiments, said treatment comprising identifying a cancer patient having deficiency in at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2; and administering said PARP inhibitor (e.g., niraparib) to said cancer patient. In embodiments, the invention further features the use of a PARP inhibitor in the treatment of cancer in a patient identified as having a deficiency in at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2. In embodiments, said treatment comprising identifying a cancer patient having deficiency in at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2; and administering said PARP inhibitor (e.g, niraparib) to said cancer patient. [0005] In a second aspect, the invention features a method of increasing T cell activation or T cell effector function in a patient having a disorder that is responsive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition, said method comprising: identifying said patient, wherein said patient has a deficiency in at least one gene involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2; and administering a PARP inhibitor to said patient. In embodiments, a disorder is cancer. In embodiments, the invention further features a PARP inhibitor for use in a method of increasing T cell activation or T cell effector function in a patient identified as having a disorder that is responsive to PARP inhibition. In embodiments, said method comprises: identifying said patient, wherein said patient has a deficiency in at least one gene involved in HRR pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2; and administering the PARP inhibitor to said patient. In embodiments, the disorder is cancer. In embodiments, the invention further features the use of a PARP inhibitor in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of increasing T cell activation or T cell effector function in a patient identified as having a disorder that is responsive to PARP inhibition. In embodiments, said method comprises: identifying said patient, wherein said patient has a deficiency in at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2; and administering the PARP inhibitor to said patient. In embodiments, the disorder is cancer. In embodiments, the invention further features the use of a PARP inhibitor in a method of increasing T cell activation or T cell effector function in a patient identified as having a disorder that is responsive to PARP inhibition. In embodiments, said method comprises: identifying said patient, wherein said patient has a deficiency in at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2; and administering the PARP inhibitor to said patient. In embodiments, the disorder is cancer. [0006] In a third aspect, the invention features a method of reducing tumors or inhibiting the growth of tumor cells in a patient having a disorder that is responsive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition, said method comprising: identifying said patient, wherein said patient has a deficiency in at least one gene involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, wherein the at least one gene involved in the HRR pathway is not BRCA1 or BRCA2; and administering a PARP inhibitor to said patient.