Cooke, Marie Teresa (2015) ‘Trimming their lamps’: an analysis and investigation of the participation of women in the Catholic Church in the Anglosphere since the Second Vatican Council. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6878/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] ‘Trimming their lamps’ An analysis and investigation of the Participation of Women in the Catholic Church in the Anglosphere since the Second Vatican Council MARIE TERESA COOKE Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy SCHOOL OF CRITICAL STUDIES COLLEGE OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW November 2015 © Marie T Cooke 2015 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the nature and extent of the participation of women in the Catholic Church and attitudes towards this, from the Second Vatican Council to the present day in the Anglosphere nations. The originality of this contribution to knowledge derives from the analysis of earlier survey data on the subject authorised by the Catholic Bishops’ Conferences in Australia, New Zealand, the USA, Canada, England & Wales, Ireland, and Scotland. A comparative study is made of these findings with those of a parallel qualitative and quantitative study undertaken in 2013 in Scotland. The findings evidence analogous themes running through both the earlier research data and that from 2013. The duty to appreciate the diversity of Catholic women is a key factor. The dangers of a culture of clericalism are evidenced as a serious barrier to any lay participation. The need for education and formation of the laity is identified as crucial, as is the importance of Catholic social teaching in providing a conduit for increased dialogue and respect between women and men. The Church’s emphasis on unity and continuity is acknowledged as both a barrier to, and yet potentially a positive means for, future collaboration between men and women. Proposals are made about how this research could underpin future development in the Catholic Church, particularly in Scotland. These include utilising an oblique methodology and the implementation of a receptive feminism. The facilitation of dialogue would ensure there is true gender equality, allowing the gifts of both women and men to be engaged in meeting the needs of the Church and the world. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... 6 DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................................... 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1: JOY AND HOPE – THE TEACHING OF VATICAN II ON THE PEOPLE OF GOD 18 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 18 VATICAN II ........................................................................................... 19 LUMEN GENTIUM: THE CHURCH AD INTRA ........................................................... 23 GAUDIUM ET SPES: THE CHURCH AD EXTRA .......................................................... 34 APOSTOLICAM ACTUOSITATEM: THE VOCATION OF THE LAITY ....................................... 40 THE WOMEN OF VATICAN II .......................................................................... 52 THE CODE OF CANON LAW ........................................................................... 55 SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 57 CHAPTER 2: THE ‘GENIUS OF WOMEN’ - ......................................................................................... 60 POST VATICAN II DEVELOPMENT OF CHURCH TEACHING ON THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH. .................................................................................................................... 60 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 60 WOMEN AND MINISTRY: INTER INSIGNIORES (1976) .................................................. 60 THE DIGNITY AND VOCATION OF WOMEN: MULIERIS DIGNITATEM ..................................... 62 THE LAY VOCATION: CHRISTIFIDELES LAICI (1988) .................................................. 68 LETTER TO WOMEN .................................................................................. 78 ON THE COLLABORATION OF MEN AND WOMEN IN THE CHURCH AND IN THE WORLD ................. 81 ECCLESIAE DE MYSTERIO ............................................................................. 83 SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 86 CHAPTER 3: NEW WINESKINS – ........................................................................................................ 88 REVIEW OF POST VATICAN II RESEARCH IN ANGLOSPHERE COUNTRIES ON THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ........................................................ 88 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 88 WOMAN AND MAN: ONE IN CHRIST JESUS ........................................................... 89 THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN ENGLAND AND WALES ................ 108 THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN CANADA .............................. 114 THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE USA ............................. 116 THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN NEW ZEALAND (AOTEAROA) .......... 127 THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN IRELAND .............................. 130 THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN SCOTLAND ........................... 131 ECUMENICAL EXPERIENCES OF THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH ...................... 133 DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH AND DIALOGUE IN THE CHURCH ........................................ 139 SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 142 CHAPTER 4: CONSULTING THE FAITHFUL – ............................................................................... 144 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH PROJECT ON THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH CONDUCTED IN 2013. ....................................................................................................... 144 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 144 RATIONALE ......................................................................................... 144 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 145 2013 PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN SURVEY FINDINGS ................................................ 151 Analysis of Questionnaire responses ...................................................... 157 Analysis of Written Submissions ........................................................... 180 Analysis of Interviews and Focus Groups ................................................. 193 4 CONTRASTS AND COMPARISONS ..................................................................... 196 SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS OF THE 2013 RESEARCH IN SCOTLAND ................................. 201 SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 203 CHAPTER 5: RENEWING THE VISION: ........................................................................................... 205 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPLYING THE RESEARCH FINDINGS TO CHURCH LIFE. .... 205 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 205 FRAMEWORK FOR THE FUTURE ...................................................................... 207 Just women ................................................................................... 212 Formation for service ....................................................................... 235 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................ 248 APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................................... 252 APPENDIX 1 – QUESTIONNAIRE FORM ................................................................ 252 APPENDIX 2 – WRITTEN SUBMISSION REQUEST FORM ................................................. 254 APPENDIX