AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK A Record c»l* I A€fciils and Trends in Amc»i*ic*ciii «incl World Jewish Life 1993 AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE AND JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY The 1993 American Jewish Year Book, the 93rd in the series, contin- ues to offer a unique chronicle of de- velopments in areas of concern to Jews around the world. The Jews of Europe are the focus of this year's special articles. Histo- rian Robert Wistrich examines "Anti- Semitism in Europe Since the Holo- caust," and sociologist Sergio Della- Pergola offers important insights and data in "Jews in the European Com munity: Sociodemographic Trends and Challenges." The volume contains obituary ar- ticles about Louis Finkelstein, by Abraham J. Karp, and about Isaac Bashevis Singer, by Hillel Halkin. Menachem Shalev surveys political, diplomatic, and economic develop- ments in Israel; Rochelle Furstenberg and Micha Odenheimer update the Israeli cultural scene. Regular articles covering Jewish life in the United States are "Inter- group Relations," by Jerome A. Chanes; "The United States, Israel, and the Middle East," by Kenneth Jacobson; and "Jewish Communal Affairs," by Lawrence <?• :ssman. t;.;o on back flap) $30.00 American Jewish Year Book American Jewish Year Book VOLUME 93 Prepared by THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE Editor DAVID SINGER Executive Editor RUTH R. SELDIN THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE NEW YORK THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY PHILADELPHIA COPYRIGHT © 1993 BY THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE AND THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review to be printed in a magazine or newspaper. ISBN 0-8276-0447-5 Library of Congress Catalogue Number: 99-4040 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE HADDON CRAFTSMEN, INC., SCRANTON, PA. Preface Thtiee special articles in this year's volume focus attention on the Jews of Europe. In "Anti-Semitism in Europe Since the Holocaust," Robert Wistrich traces the threads leading from the genocidal savagery of the war years to the recent revival of a more populist anti-Semitism. In "Jews in the European Community: Socio- demographic Trends and Challenges," Sergio DellaPergola provides fascinating data on the Jews in the 12 EC countries, analyzing developments since World War II and weighing prospects for the future. The volume also includes an update on "Israeli Culture," by Rochelle Fursten- berg and Micha Odenheimer, and obituary articles on Louis Finkelstein, by Abra- ham J. Karp, and I.B. Singer, by Hillel Halkin. Regular articles on Jewish life in the United States are "Intergroup Relations," by Jerome A. Chanes; "The United States, Israel, and the Middle East," by Kenneth Jacobson; and "Jewish Communal Affairs," by Lawrence Grossman. Menachem Shalev provides extensive coverage of the year's events in Israel. Reports on Jewish communities around the world this year include Canada, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Australia, and South Africa. Updated estimates of Jewish population are provided: for the United States, by Barry Kosmin and Jeffrey Scheckner, of the North American Jewish Data Bank; and for the world, by U.O. Schmelz and Sergio DellaPergola, of the Hebrew Univer- sity of Jerusalem. Carefully compiled directories of national Jewish organizations, periodicals, and federations and welfare funds, as well as religious calendars and obituaries, round out the 1993 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Terry Smith and of many colleagues at the American Jewish Committee, especially Cyma M. Horowitz and Michele Anish of the Blaustein Library. THE EDITORS Contributors HENRIETTE BOAS: Dutch correspondent, Jewish Telegraphic Agency and Israeli newspapers; Amsterdam, Holland. Y. MICHAL BODEMANN: associate professor, sociology, University of Toronto, Canada; visiting professor, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. JEROME A. CHANES: co-director for domestic concerns, National Jewish Com- munity Relations Advisory Council. M.M. CONSONNI: research fellow, Diaspora Research Institute, Tel Aviv Univer- sity, Israel. SERGIO DELLAPERGOLA: associate professor and head, Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics, A. Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry, He- brew University of Jerusalem, Israel. ALLIE A. DUBB: Mendel Kaplan Professor of Jewish Civilization, and director, Kaplan Centre for Jewish Studies and Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa. ROCHELLE FURSTENBERG: journalist, critic; Jerusalem, Israel. ZVI GITELMAN: professor, political science, and Preston R. Tisch Professor of Judaic Studies, University of Michigan. ANNICK GOULET: free-lance reporter; Paris, France. LAWRENCE GROSSMAN: director of publications, American Jewish Commit- tee. HILLEL HALKIN: writer, translator, critic; Zikhron Yaakov, Israel. KENNETH JACOBSON: director, international affairs, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. ABRAHAM J. KARP: Philip S. Bernstein Professor Emeritus of Jewish Studies, University of Rochester; Joseph and Rebecca Mitchell Adjunct Research Profes- sor of American Jewish History and Bibliography, Jewish Theological Seminary of America. LIONEL E. KOCH AN: Wolfson College, Oxford; Oxford Centre for Post-Gradu- ate Hebrew Studies, England. MIRIAM L. KOCHAN: writer, translator; Oxford, England. vii viii / CONTRIBUTORS BARRY A. KOSMIN: director, North American Jewish Data Bank, City Univer- sity of New York Graduate Center; director of research, Council of Jewish Feder- ations. MICHA Z. ODENHEIMER: journalist, critic; Jerusalem, Israel. ROBIN OSTOW: Canada Research Fellow, sociology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. HILARY RUBINSTEIN: research fellow, history, University of Melbourne, Aus- tralia. JEFFREY SCHECKNER: administrator, North American Jewish Data Bank, City University of New York Graduate Center; research consultant, Council of Jewish Federations. U.O. SCHMELZ: professor emeritus, Jewish demography, A. Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. MILTON SHAIN: senior lecturer, Hebrew and Jewish studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa. MENACHEM SHALEV: diplomatic correspondent, Davar, Tel Aviv; Israel corre- spondent, Forward, New York. HAROLD M. WALLER: associate dean (academic), Faculty of Arts, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; director, Canadian Center for Jewish Community Studies. ROBERT S. WISTRICH: Jewish Chronicle Professor of Jewish Studies, University of London, England; Neuberger Chair, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. MICHAEL M. ZLOTOWSKI: European bureau chief, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Paris, France..